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[España] 七月的狂熱 2 加泰隆尼亞獨立的渴望

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加泰隆尼亞,Catalunya (加泰隆尼亞語, Catalan), Cataluña(西班牙語, Castellano或español), Catalonia(英語)是西班牙最富庶的地區了,也有自己的語言和文字,長久以來,一直要求西班牙政府將其視為一個國家。加泰隆尼亞一直是西班牙的「國中之國(nation within the Kingdom of Spain)。

公元989年
加泰隆尼亞宣布獨立,迄一七一四年西班牙王位繼承戰爭結束一直是獨立王國。內戰(一九三六年)後佛朗哥掌權時極力壓制加泰隆尼亞,和以前的台灣一樣加泰隆尼亞語(Catalan)不准在電台節目上使用,公共場所也不能說。佛朗哥死後(一九七五年),在一九七八年憲法尊重語言和文化多元下,該區又恢復政治和文化自治,享語言和其他權利。二○○六年,經中央政府支持的公投,該區獲更大自治,享徵稅和司法權。

本月上旬一個憲法法庭的判決,促使加泰隆尼亞在這炎熱的夏日,走上街頭表達對獨立的渴望。





世足奪冠 西班牙卻鬧分裂
編譯中心綜合11日電
July 12, 2010 06:00 AM

from: 世界新聞網

西班牙足球隊雖然在南非世界杯奪冠,但在決戰荷蘭的關鍵時刻,國家卻鬧起內訌。逾百萬民眾10日在足球名城巴塞隆納上街示威,爭取加泰隆尼亞(Catalonia)獨立。在西班牙隊需要舉國團結支持之際,示威者卻高舉加泰隆尼亞旗大唱反調,顯示國家隊在南非的奮戰,無法平息國內分裂的火頭。

主辦機構指,150萬人10日走上巴塞隆納街頭,爭取加泰隆尼亞享有更大的地區自治權力,同時抗議法院近期禁止加泰隆尼亞自稱「國家」(Nation)的判決。警方則指示威民眾有110萬人。

同為西甲勁旅根據地,巴塞隆納與馬德里在世界杯決戰前猶如兩個世界。馬德里人高舉西班牙國旗為國家隊吶喊助威,但作為加泰隆尼亞自治區首府的巴塞隆納,滿街民眾卻打出紅黃雙間、附有藍底白星的加泰隆尼亞旗。除了手持加泰隆尼亞旗,有人則高舉紅黃兩色、寫上「我們是國家」的布條。一名參與示威的學生表示:「這次示威只是我們爭取加泰隆尼亞獨立的開始。」

不少馬德里政客都趁國家隊打入決賽,向國內爭取獨立的勢力推銷國家團結訊息。總理薩巴德洛11日就在「國家報」發表文章,希望藉國家隊打入世界杯決賽來呼籲國民團結。他寫道:「這就是我們想要的西班牙,一個富創造力的西班牙……國家隊向我們展現出如何通過努力和創意向前行。」

然而示威聲勢浩大,加泰隆尼亞1400個政黨、工會、商界等組織參與其中。事件反映加泰隆尼亞與馬德里的緊張關係。事實上,雖然西班牙打入決賽,但不是每個人都敢在巴塞隆納穿起代表西班牙的球衣。連該國冠軍級電單車手羅倫素近期也曾拒絕在當地穿上西班牙國家隊球衣,並稱:「我不想惹來麻煩。」

在另一個分裂地區巴斯克(Basque),民眾亦對國家隊的戰果不領情。一名巴斯克人便稱:「如果由我決定賽果,就讓荷蘭以30比0打敗西班牙吧。」不過,亦有西班牙人指出:「西班牙並不是巴塞隆納或是皇家馬德里,任何勝利都只會是屬於西班牙足球的勝利。」

加泰隆尼亞小檔案

西班牙並非單一民族國家,西班牙人占大多數,同時也有加泰隆尼亞人、加里西亞人和巴斯克人等少數民族。現時人口750萬的加泰隆尼亞在1516年納入西班牙版圖,並於18世紀失去自治地位,區內逐漸興起分離主義。

獨裁者佛朗哥掌權時一度禁止使用加泰隆尼亞語,也激化了分離活動。雖然當地近年取得更多自治權,但獨立意識高漲。





Catalan protesters rally for greater autonomy in Spain

More than a million people held a march in Barcelona to call for greater autonomy for the Catalan region.

Thedemonstration comes a day after a constitutional court declared thatthere was no legal basis to recognise Catalonia as a nation.

The ruling also said the Catalan language should not take precedence over Castilian Spanish.

It followed a challenge to the region's statute by the opposition People's Party, which favours Spanish unity.

The statute of autonomy was approved by Catalan voters in a 2006 referendum.

It gave greater powers to the regional parliament in taxation and judicial matters.

BBCEuropean regional analyst Sean Fanning says that just how much powershould be devolved from Madrid is a constant process of negotiation andthat the constitutional court acts as a referee.

SpanishTV reports showed crowds of many thousands in Barcelona waving flagsand red and yellow banners reading "We are a nation".

"This demonstration is the start of independence that we want for our country (Catalonia)," one student told AFP news agency.


http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10588494




加泰隆尼亞不是西班牙!(English)














再見了,西班牙!(加泰隆尼亞語 Catalan)


中間的標語為加泰隆尼亞語 (Catalan),我猜大概是:國會宣布加泰隆尼亞為主權國家。


加泰隆尼亞不是西班牙!(English)


Spanish region in symbolic vote

The Spanish region of Catalonia has held an unofficial referendum onindependence as part of a campaign to move the issue up the politicalagenda.

Some 94% of those who voted backed independence.

"The people of Catalonia have chosen to form an independent state," said Carlos Mora, mayor of a small town.

But the vote was condemned by critics. Only one in 10 of Catalonia'sresidents were invited to vote, and they were in known pro-independenceregions.

Turnout was 25%.

The residents were asked if Catalonia should "become a social, democratic and independent state".

The outcome has no legal force, as any referendum in Spain must be mandated by the national government.

Catalonia, which includes the city of Barcelona, is Spain's richest region.

Accounting for 25% of the country's GDP, it has its own language, Catalan, and already enjoys autonomous status.

Supporters hope that Sunday's poll will be the first step towards aformal ballot for a separate state, the BBC's Sarah Rainsford reports.

Almost 170 Catalan towns and villages held ballots, staffed by thousands of volunteers.

Further referendums are being planned in other parts of the region,including Barcelona, Girona and Lleida, early next year.

'Fiscal pillaging'

REFERENDUM OBSERVERS
  • Scottish National Party
  • Welsh nationalist party Plaid Cymru
  • Irish nationalist party Sinn Fein
  • Representatives from Italy's South Tyrol region, the French island ofCorsica, Belgium's Flemish region and the Canadian province of Quebec
  • Representatives from Spain's Galicia and Basque regions
  • Source: AFP news agency
  • A statute on relations with the Spanish state which was approved byCatalans three years ago gave the region more local jurisdiction andwhat many believe is a fairer share of the revenue collected.

    But Spain's main opposition party is contesting thestatute in the Constitutional Court and many Catalans fear keyprovisions of the law will soon be overturned, our correspondent says.

    Joan Laporta, chairman of the Barcelona football club,told the Spanish newspaper El Pais that the vote was a reaction tocentral government pressure on the region.

    "Catalonia is dying, they are killing it and we must react," he said.

    "No Catalan can accept the fiscal pillaging that we are suffering northe attacks on the rights and freedoms of Catalonia."

    Teams of international observers from regions of theworld with independence or secessionist movements are attendingSunday's vote, AFP news agency notes.

    They include representatives of the Scottish NationalParty and the Irish nationalist party Sinn Fein, as well as others fromItaly's South Tyrol region, the French island of Corsica, Belgium'sFlemish region and the Canadian province of Quebec.

    Political representatives of Spain's Galicia and Basqueregions, which both have independence movements, are also observing thevote.

    Story from BBC NEWS:
    http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/europe/8410730.stm

    Published: 2009/12/14 18:19:00 GMT

    © BBC MMX


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