下面這張表是我今天,依照語言學家 Swadesh 的基本詞彙做出的對照表.從這個表可看出,台語與華語有一半的詞彙是不同的,我做出的結果與王育德博士的數值差不多,都在50%左右.據聞比英德語間的 58%還低.
我也做了一下粵語與華語的比對,相較之下,粵語達到八成以上.我也另外依詞彙是否有漢語詞源,另以加計,發現台語與漢語的親緣性升高為67.75%.或許可以以此判定台語確實源自古代漢藏祖語.
I |
我 |
guá |
|
1 |
1 |
you |
你 |
lí |
|
1 |
1 |
we |
我們 |
lán/gún |
|
0 |
0 |
this |
這 |
tse/tsit |
|
0 |
0 |
that |
那 |
he/hit |
|
0 |
0 |
who |
誰 |
siáⁿ-lâng/siáng |
|
0 |
0 |
what |
什麼 |
siáⁿ-mi̍h |
|
0 |
0 |
not |
不 |
m̄ |
|
0 |
1 |
all |
都 |
lóng |
|
0 |
0 |
many |
多 |
tsē |
|
0 |
1 |
one |
一 |
tsi̍t |
|
0 |
0 |
two |
二 |
nn̄g |
|
0.5 |
1 |
big |
大 |
tuā |
|
1 |
1 |
long |
長 |
tn̂g |
|
1 |
1 |
small |
小 |
sè |
|
0 |
0 |
woman |
女 |
tsa-bó͘ |
|
0 |
0 |
man |
男 |
tsa-po͘ |
|
0 |
0 |
person |
人 |
lâng |
|
0 |
0 |
fish |
魚 |
hî |
|
0 |
0 |
bird |
鳥 |
tsiáu |
|
1 |
1 |
dog |
狗 |
káu |
|
1 |
1 |
louse |
蝨子 |
sat-bó |
|
1 |
1 |
tree |
樹 |
tshiu |
|
1 |
1 |
seed |
種 |
tsíng |
|
1 |
1 |
leaf |
葉 |
hio̍h |
|
0 |
0 |
root |
根 |
kin |
|
1 |
1 |
bark |
樹皮 |
tshiū-phê |
|
1 |
1 |
skin |
皮膚 |
phê-hu |
|
1 |
1 |
flesh |
肉 |
bah |
|
0 |
0 |
blood |
血 |
hueh |
|
1 |
1 |
bone |
骨 |
kut |
|
1 |
1 |
grease |
油(脂) |
iû |
|
1 |
1 |
egg |
蛋 |
nn̄g |
|
0 |
1 |
horn |
角 |
kak |
|
1 |
1 |
tail |
尾 |
bué |
|
1 |
1 |
feather |
毛 |
tsiáu-mn̂g |
|
1 |
1 |
hair |
頭髮 |
thâu-mn̂g |
|
0 |
1 |
head |
頭 |
thâu |
|
1 |
1 |
ear |
耳 |
hī |
|
0 |
0 |
eye |
眼睛 |
ba̍k |
|
0 |
1 |
nose |
鼻 |
phīⁿ |
|
1 |
1 |
mouth |
嘴 |
tshuì |
|
0 |
0 |
tooth |
牙齒 |
Tshuì-khí |
|
0 |
1 |
tongue |
舌頭 |
tsi̍h |
|
1 |
1 |
claw |
指甲 |
Tsńg-kah |
|
1 |
0 |
foot |
腳 |
kha |
|
0 |
0 |
knee |
膝 |
kha-thâu-u |
|
0 |
0 |
hand |
手 |
tshiú |
|
1 |
1 |
belly |
肚子 |
pak-tó͘ |
|
1 |
1 |
neck |
脖子 |
ām-kún |
|
0 |
1 |
breasts |
奶子 |
ni |
|
1 |
1 |
heart |
心 |
sim |
|
1 |
1 |
liver |
肝 |
kuaⁿ |
|
1 |
1 |
drink |
喝 |
lim |
|
0 |
0 |
eat |
吃 |
tsia̍h |
|
0 |
1 |
bite |
咬 |
kā |
|
1 |
1 |
see |
看 |
khuàⁿ |
|
1 |
1 |
hear |
聽 |
thiaⁿ |
|
1 |
1 |
know |
知道 |
tsai-iáⁿ/bat |
|
0.5 |
0.5 |
sleep |
睡 |
khùn |
|
0 |
0 |
die |
死 |
sí |
|
1 |
1 |
kill |
殺 |
thâi |
|
0 |
0 |
swim |
游 |
siû |
|
0 |
1 |
fly |
飛 |
pue |
|
1 |
1 |
walk |
走 |
kiâⁿ |
|
0 |
0 |
come |
來 |
lâi |
|
1 |
1 |
lie |
躺 |
the |
|
0 |
0 |
sit |
坐 |
tsē |
|
1 |
1 |
stand |
站 |
khiā |
|
0 |
1 |
give |
給 |
hō͘ |
|
0 |
1 |
say |
說 |
kóng |
|
0.5 |
1 |
sun |
太陽 |
ji̍t-thâu |
|
0.5 |
1 |
moon |
月亮 |
gue̍h-niû |
|
0.5 |
1 |
star |
星星 |
tsheⁿ |
|
1 |
1 |
water |
水 |
tsuí |
|
1 |
1 |
rain |
雨 |
hō͘ |
|
0 |
1 |
stone |
石頭 |
tsio̍h-thâu |
|
1 |
1 |
sand |
沙 |
sua |
|
1 |
1 |
earth |
土地 |
thó͘-tē |
|
1 |
1 |
cloud |
雲 |
hûn |
|
1 |
1 |
smoke |
煙 |
ian |
|
1 |
1 |
fire |
火 |
hué |
|
1 |
1 |
ash |
灰 |
hun |
|
1 |
1 |
burn |
燒 |
sio |
|
1 |
1 |
path |
路 |
lō͘ |
|
1 |
1 |
mountain |
山 |
suaⁿ |
|
1 |
1 |
red |
紅 |
âng |
|
1 |
1 |
green |
綠 |
tshiⁿ |
|
0.5 |
1 |
yellow |
黃 |
n̂g |
|
0 |
1 |
white |
白 |
pe̍h |
|
1 |
1 |
black |
黑 |
o͘ |
|
0 |
1 |
night |
晚上 |
àm |
|
0 |
0 |
hot |
熱 |
jua̍h, sio |
|
1 |
1 |
cold |
冷 |
kuâⁿ |
|
0.5 |
1 |
full |
滿 |
tīⁿ |
|
0 |
0 |
new |
新 |
sin |
|
1 |
1 |
good |
好 |
hó |
|
1 |
1 |
round |
圓 |
îⁿ |
|
1 |
1 |
dry |
乾 |
ta |
|
0 |
0 |
name |
名字 |
miâ |
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
56.5 |
72.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
and |
和 |
kap |
|
0 |
0 |
animal |
動物 |
tōng-bu̍t |
|
1 |
1 |
back |
背 |
Āu-piah |
|
0 |
1 |
bad |
壞 |
pháiⁿ |
|
0 |
0 |
because |
因為 |
In-uī |
|
1 |
1 |
blow |
吹 |
pûn |
|
0 |
0 |
breathe |
呼吸 |
Tshuán-khuì |
|
0 |
0 |
child |
孩子 |
Gín-á |
|
0 |
0 |
count |
數 |
sǹg |
|
0 |
1 |
cut |
砍 |
tok |
|
0 |
0 |
day |
天, 日子 |
ji̍t |
|
0.5 |
1 |
dig |
挖 |
ué |
|
1 |
1 |
dirty |
髒 |
Lah-sap |
|
0 |
1 |
dull |
呆 |
gōng |
|
0 |
0 |
dust |
灰塵 |
ing |
|
0 |
0 |
fall |
掉 |
lah |
|
0 |
1 |
far |
遠 |
hn̄g |
|
1 |
1 |
father |
父親 |
Lāu-pē |
|
1 |
1 |
fear |
怕 |
kiaⁿ |
|
0 |
1 |
few |
少 |
tsió |
|
1 |
1 |
fight |
打架 |
Sio-phah |
|
0 |
0 |
five |
五 |
ngo |
|
1 |
1 |
float |
漂浮 |
phû |
|
1 |
1 |
flow |
流 |
lâu |
|
1 |
1 |
flower |
花 |
hue |
|
1 |
1 |
fog |
霧 |
bū |
|
1 |
1 |
four |
四 |
sì |
|
1 |
1 |
freeze |
結冰 |
Kiat-ping |
|
1 |
1 |
fruit |
水果 |
Kué-tsí |
|
1 |
1 |
grass |
草 |
tsháu |
|
1 |
1 |
guts |
腸子 |
tn̂g-á |
|
1 |
1 |
he |
他 |
I |
|
0 |
1 |
here |
這裏 |
hia |
|
0 |
0 |
hit |
打 |
phah |
|
0 |
0 |
take |
拿 |
the̍h |
|
0 |
0 |
how |
怎麼 |
Án-tsuáⁿ |
|
0 |
0 |
hunt |
打獵 |
phah-la̍h |
|
1 |
1 |
husband |
丈夫 |
ang |
|
0 |
0 |
ice |
冰 |
ping |
|
1 |
1 |
if |
如果 |
nā |
|
0.5 |
1 |
in |
在 |
tī |
|
0 |
0 |
lake |
湖 |
ô͘ |
|
1 |
1 |
laugh |
笑 |
tshiò |
|
1 |
1 |
leftside |
左邊 |
Tò-pîng |
|
0 |
1 |
leg |
腿 |
Kha-thuí |
|
1 |
1 |
alive |
活的 |
ua̍h-ê |
|
1 |
1 |
mother |
母親 |
A-bú |
|
1 |
1 |
narrow |
窄 |
e̍h |
|
0 |
1 |
near |
近 |
kīn |
|
1 |
1 |
old |
老 |
lāu |
|
1 |
1 |
play |
玩 |
sńg |
|
0 |
0 |
pull |
拉 |
giú |
|
0 |
0 |
push |
推 |
sak |
|
0 |
0 |
rightside |
右邊 |
Tsiàⁿ-pîng |
|
0 |
1 |
correct |
對 |
tio̍h |
|
0 |
0 |
river |
河 |
hô |
|
1 |
1 |
rope |
繩子 |
Só-á |
|
0 |
1 |
rotten |
爛掉 |
nuā |
|
1 |
1 |
rub |
擦 |
tshit |
|
0 |
1 |
salt |
鹽 |
iâm |
|
1 |
1 |
scratch |
抓 |
lia̍h |
|
0 |
0 |
sea |
海 |
hái |
|
1 |
1 |
sew |
縫 |
thīⁿ |
|
0 |
0 |
sharp |
尖 |
tsiam |
|
1 |
1 |
short |
短 |
té |
|
0 |
0 |
sing |
唱 |
tshiùⁿ |
|
1 |
1 |
sky |
天空 |
thiⁿ |
|
1 |
1 |
smell |
聞 |
phīⁿ |
|
0 |
0 |
smooth |
平 |
pîⁿ |
|
1 |
1 |
snake |
蛇 |
Tsuâ, liu |
|
0 |
0 |
snow |
雪 |
suat |
|
1 |
1 |
spit |
吐 |
thò͘ |
|
1 |
1 |
split |
撕 |
liah |
|
0 |
0 |
squeeze |
壓 |
the |
|
0 |
0 |
stab |
刺 |
tu̍h |
|
0 |
0 |
stick |
棍子 |
Kùn-á |
|
1 |
1 |
straight |
直 |
ti̍t |
|
1 |
1 |
suck |
吮 |
suh |
|
0 |
0 |
swell |
腫 |
tsíng |
|
1 |
1 |
there |
那裏 |
hia |
|
0 |
0 |
they |
他們 |
in |
|
0 |
0 |
thick |
厚 |
kau |
|
0 |
0 |
thin |
薄 |
po̍h |
|
1 |
1 |
think |
想 |
siūⁿ |
|
1 |
1 |
three |
三 |
saⁿ |
|
1 |
1 |
throw |
扔 |
tàn |
|
0 |
0 |
tie |
綁 |
pa̍k |
|
0 |
0 |
turn |
轉 |
tńg |
|
1 |
1 |
vomit |
(嘔)吐 |
thó͘ |
|
1 |
1 |
wash |
洗 |
sé |
|
1 |
1 |
wet |
濕 |
tām |
|
0 |
0 |
where |
哪裏 |
tó |
|
0 |
0 |
wide |
寬 |
khuah |
|
0.5 |
1 |
wife |
妻子 |
bó͘ |
|
0 |
0 |
wind |
風 |
hong |
|
1 |
1 |
wing |
翅膀 |
si̍t |
|
0 |
0 |
heavy |
重 |
tāng |
|
1 |
1 |
woods |
森林 |
Tshiū-nâ |
|
0 |
1 |
worm |
蟲 |
thâng |
|
1 |
1 |
year |
年 |
nî |
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
49.5 |
63 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
53 |
67.75 |
文章定位: