資料來源:
http://fas.org/spp/starwars/program/nmd/
1.
The Ground Based Inteceptor is the weapon of the NMD system. Its mission is to intercept incoming ballistic missile warheads outside the earth旧 atmosphere (exoatmospheric) and destroy them by force of the impact. During flight, the GBI is sent information from the NMD BMC2 through the IFICS to update the location of the incoming ballistic missile, enabling the GBI onboard sensor system to identify and home-in on the assigned target. The GBI element would include the interceptor and associated launch and support equipment, silos, facilities, and personnel. The GBI missile has two main components: an EKV and solid propellant boosters. Each GBI site would be adequate in size to initially accommodate 20 interceptor missiles, with expansion possible to as many as 100 interceptors. The GBI would be a dormant missile that would remain in the underground launch silo until launch. Launches would occur only in defense of the United States from a ballistic missile attack. There would be no flight testing of the missiles at the NMD deployment site.
2.
The NMD Battle Management, Command and Control (BMC2), a subelement of the BMC3 element, is the 臓rains?of the NMD system. In the event of a launch against the United States, the NMD system would be controlled and operated through the BMC2 subelement. The BMC2 subelement provides extensive decision support systems, battle management systems, battle management displays, and situation awareness information. Surveillance satellites and ground radars locate targets and communicate tracking information to battle managers, which process the information and communicate target assignments to interceptors. The BMC2 subelement operations would consist mostly of data processing and management functions associated with the NMD system and function as the centralized point for readiness, monitoring, and maintenance
3.
The NMD In-Flight Interceptor Communications System (IFICS) is a subelement of the BMC3 element and would be geographically distributed ground stations that provide communications links to the GBI for in-flight target and status information between the GBI and the BMC2. Up to 14 IFICS (7 pairs) would be required to support the NMD system. The IFICS would consist of a radio transmitter/receiver enclosed in a 5.8-meter (19-foot) diameter inflatable radome adjacent to the equipment shelters. The IFICS site would require no permanent onsite support personnel. Personnel would only be required when the IFICS needs maintenance.
4.
The X-band / Ground Based Radars (XBR) would be ground based, multi-function radars. For NMD, they would perform tracking, discrimination, and kill assessments of incoming ballistic missiles. The radars use high frequency and advanced radar signal processing technology to improve target resolution, which permits the radar to more accurately discriminate between closely-spaced objects. The radar would provide data from earlier phases of a ballistic missiles trajectory and real-time continuous tracking data to the BMC2. The site would include a radar mounted on its pedestal and associated control and maintenance facility,a power generation facility, and a 150-meter (492-foot) controlled area. The radar would be radiating during a ballistic missile threat, testing, exercises, training, or when supporting collateral missions such as tracking space debris or a Space Shuttle mission.
5.
The Upgraded Early Warning Radar (UEWR) are phased-array surveillance radars used to detect and track ballistic missiles targeted at the United States. Software upgrades to these existing early warning radars would provide the capability to support NMD surveillance requirements.
Existing Defense Support Program satellites provide the U.S. early-warning satellite capability. The satellites are comparatively simple, inertially fixed, geosynchronous earth orbit satellites with an unalterable scan pattern. Space Based Infrared System would replace the Defense Support Program satellites sometime in the next decade. NMD would use whichever system is in place when a deployment decision is made and can use a combination of the two if the transition is still in progress. SBIRS would be an element that future NMD systems would utilize. SBIRS is currently being developed by the Air Force independently of NMD as part of the early warning satellite systemupgrade which would replace the Defense Support Program satellites. For the NMD program, the SBIRS constellation of sensor satellites would acquire and track ballistic missiles throughout their trajectory. This information would provide the earliest possible trajectory estimate to the BMC2 subelement.
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美國的國家飛彈防衛(NMD)系統架構如下:
1.
陸基攔截器:
在大氣層外攔截來襲的敵方飛彈彈頭
並以撞擊的方式加以摧毀
2.
飛彈管理指揮控制系統
經由衛星和陸基雷達來找到目標
處理相關的資訊 並將目標指定予攔截器
3.
攔截器飛行通訊系統:
陸上基地就是經由這個系統 提供攔截器飛行中的目標資訊和狀態
IFICS裡包括了無線電傳送/接收器
4.
X頻陸基雷達:
這些多功能的雷達會進行對目標的追蹤.區別和獵殺評估
它可以在早期階段就提供來襲彈道飛彈的彈道
並持續送出追蹤資料
5.
升級版早期預警雷達:
這些相位偵察雷達可以偵測並追蹤以美國境內為目標的飛彈
目前環繞著地球軌道的衛星未來可能會被太空中的紅外線偵測系統取代
最簡單地講一句 就是飛彈防衛需要多層的偵察系統(衛星加地面雷達)
並加上多層的防衛/攔截系統(從THAAD到愛國者到戰鬥機和其他防空系統)
再加上對系統精確度的嚴格要求 所以它才會被許多的國家稱為"錢坑"
如果你只買來一套愛國者三 請問有什麼用呢?
