Morris' Blog 我在摸索我存在的意義、生命的意義、內涵及價值。 沒有真正神手般的厲害，套用模式是大部分的情況。 沒那麼厲害的我存在的意義為何，襯托出神的存在？ 有時候不能怪別人不給我機會，我已經開始省思， 為什麼我沒有給別人機會的原因，而是全要靠別人。 有時候我認為我與眾不同，那是因為我做不到很多人能辦到的事情。 我聽不到、玩不起來、說得不夠明瞭、理解得不夠多， 我缺少的語文能力，就是一切一切無能的判定。 為此，我不曉得能做些對別人有幫助的事情。 我知道我自己是個不服輸的性格，但現在我不得不認輸。 我沒有能力，因此我必須認輸。 我到底來這世界作什麼？處處充滿不確定性， 而我總是無法出類拔萃，想當個一般人似乎也回不了頭了。 越強大的挑戰需要越強力的支持，而我的支持是什麼？ 最近嘗試與人談話，但都是失敗的結局，沒人能接受， 不需要言語，不需要溝通，一切所想都表達不出來。

49愛的鼓勵 6訂閱站台

Piotr found a magical box in heaven. Its magic power is that if you place any red balloon inside it then, after one hour, it will multiply to form 3 red and 1 blue colored balloons. Then in the next hour, each of the red balloons will multiply in the same fashion, but the blue one will multiply to form 4 blue balloons. This trend will continue indefinitely.

The arrangements of the balloons after the 0^th, 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd hour are depicted in the following diagram.

As you can see, a red balloon in the cell (i, j) (that is i^th row and j^th column) will multiply to produce 3 red balloons in the cells (i*2 - 1, j*2 - 1), (i*2 - 1, j*2), (i*2, j*2 - 1) and a blue balloon in the cell (i*2, j*2). Whereas, a blue balloon in the cell (i, j) will multiply to produce 4 blue balloons in the cells (i*2 - 1, j*2 - 1), (i*2 - 1, j*2), (i*2, j*2 - 1) and (i*2, j*2). The grid size doubles (in both the direction) after every hour in order to accommodate the extra balloons.

In this problem, Piotr is only interested in the count of the red balloons; more specifically, he would like to know the total number of red balloons in all the rows from A to B after K^th hour.

Input

The first line of input is an integer T(T<1000) that indicates the number of test cases. Each case contains 3 integers K, A and B. The meanings of these variables are mentioned above. K will be in the range [0, 30] and 1 ≤ A ≤ B ≤ 2^K.

Output

For each case, output the case number followed by the total number of red balloons in rows [A, B] after K^th hour.

Sample Input                               Output for Sample Input

Problemsetter: Sohel Hafiz, Special Thanks: Md. Mahbubul Hasan