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【在生活中學習語言】Many Potential Leaders of Tomorrow Reject the Role明日政治領袖 有潛質拒當官 
 
  2008/4/13 | 作者：黃裕美輯譯
 
 
  A new nationwide survey of girls and boys found that a majority of children and youths in the United States have little or no interest with achieving leadership roles when they become adults, ranking "being a leader" behind other goals such as "fitting in," "making a lot of money" and "helping animals or the environ-ment."

一項針對全美男女生所進行的民調發現，美國大部分兒童和青少年，在他們成年後，很少或幾乎沒什麼興趣扮演領袖的角色，「當領袖」排名在其他人生目標，像「適才適用」，「賺很多錢」及「幫助動物或環境」之後。

The study commissioned by the Girl Scouts of the USA and released March 27 determined that three-quarters of African American girls and boys and Hispanic girls surveyed already identify themselves as leaders, a much larger group than white youths, about half of whom think of themselves this way.

這項由美國女童軍所委託進行的研究3月27日發表，結果顯示，四分之三接受調查的非洲裔美國男女生及拉丁裔女生已經自我定位為領袖，比年輕白人要高得多，大約只有一半年輕白人對自己有這樣的認知。

The youths defined leaders as peo-ple who prize collaboration, stand up for their beliefs and values, and try to improve society. Girls in particular endorsed these approaches, although a majority of boys did, as well. Yet when asked in focus groups about leadership styles among adults, what they described was traditional top-down management.

年輕人界定領袖是那些重視協同運作，支持並捍衛他們的理念和價值觀，及努力改善社會的人。女生尤其認可這些特質和態度，大部分男生也表示贊同。但當在焦點團體被問到成年人的領導風格時，他們所描述的仍是由上而下的傳統管理方式。

Judy Schoenberg, research director for the Girl Scouts, said the youths in the survey "see a disconnect between what they aspire to and what is."

女童軍研究主管茱蒂．荀伯格說，這次接受調查的年輕人「發現他們的理想和現實有很大的落差。」

The survey comes amid a presiden-tial campaign that has expanded the role models for leadership by provid-ing, for the first time, the distinct possibility that a woman or an African American may become the country's leader. Still, that has not seemed to motivate many young people to aspire to leadership roles.

這項調查是在這次美國總統大選擴大了領袖的角色典範之際進行。美國有史以來第一次，女人或非洲裔美國人成為國家元首的可能性極高。但，那似乎未能激發很多年輕人想望領導人的角色。

"The millennial generation has am-bivalent, even negative, feelings about formal leadership," said Peter Levine, director of a nonpartisan research center at the University of Maryland that studies young people and civic involvement. "They prefer horizontal leadership in which everyone's a leader."

「千禧年世代對形式上的領導有種矛盾，甚至負面的感受，」專門研究年輕人及其社會參與度的馬里蘭大學無黨派研究中心主任李文說。「他們偏愛橫向水平領導，人人都是領袖。」

Youth experts said the survey, which included a random sample of more than 4,000 children ages 8 to 17, provides a rare in-depth look at how the next group of voters -- es-pecially female voters -- views lead-ership of all kinds.

青少年問題專家說，這項調查涵蓋隨機抽樣4,000多名8至17歲的孩子，對下一代選民，尤其是女性選民，如何看待各種領導，提供罕見深入的看法。

With 2.6 million members, Girl Scouts of the USA is the nation's largest organization for girls. The group's executives were pleased that four-fifths of both sexes said that women and men are equally qualified to lead. This was not the case in the mid-1980s, said chief executive Kathy Cloninger.

美國女童軍有260萬成員，是全美最大的少女團體，女童軍主管對男女生都有五分之四說，女人和男人一樣有資格領導感到欣慰。執行長凱西．柯洛寧格說，這和1980年代中期情況迥異。

What concerned Cloninger and others was not only that girls did not desire to be future leaders but also that many feared they would not be capa-ble enough to assume leadership roles. Twenty-one percent of girls said they had most of the qualities of a leader, such as being outgoing, hardworking and responsible. They also said they lack the ability to command people and, if they tried to do so, they would be laughed at by their peers or seen as bossy and make people mad.

柯洛寧格和其他人關切的，不只是女生未來不想當領袖，很多人還擔心，她們不夠能幹，無法扛下領導角色。只有21%女生說，她們具有領袖的大部分特質，像直率外向、工作努力和負責任。她們還說，她們缺乏統御人民的能力，即便她們想去領導，只怕會被同儕嘲笑或被指跋扈專橫、愛亂指揮，會引起民怨沸騰。

Boys cited far fewer personal rea-sons for not wanting to be a leader, including a lack of experience and simply being uninterested.

不願當領袖的男生，較少提個人因素，包括缺乏經驗及根本興趣缺缺。

African American and Hispanic girls are considerably less likely than white girls to worry about their capabilities. Young minority females tend to have more responsibilities than whites at home and in their communities, ex-perts said.

比起白人女生，非洲裔美國人和拉丁裔女孩，擔心她們能力的可能性低得多。少數族裔的年輕女性在家裡和社區的責任都比白人沉重得多。

Youths in the Girl Scouts study rated parents as very influential in helping them aspire to become leaders -- more so than friends, coaches and celebrities. Mothers topped the role-model list with 81 percent of girls and 75 percent of boys.

女童軍所調查研究的年輕族群認為，父母在幫助她們希望成為領袖上很有影響力，比朋友、老師和名人要高得多。有81% 女生和75%男生說，母親高居榜首，是他們的角色典範。

This may help explain youths' re-luctance to endorse traditional styles of leadership, Schoenberg said. Mothers, who were also surveyed in the poll, said that they want their daughters and sons to develop their talents. Leadership skills, if they hap-pened, were a byproduct.

荀伯格說，這可能有助於解釋，年輕人不願支持傳統領導風格的原因。在這項民調中也接受調查的母親說，她們只希望自己的子女能發揮所長，領導統御之術，如果有，充其量也只是副產品。

（取材自華盛頓郵報）
 
來源：人間福報
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