Condemn
verb [ T ] /kənˈdem/
責難，責備，譴責[（+as）]
We condemn his foolish behavior. 我們譴責他的愚蠢行為。
2.宣告……有罪，判……刑[（+to）][O2]
The judge condemned the thief to one year of hard labor. 法官判這個賊服一年苦役。
3.迫使……處於（不幸的狀態）；使某人注定要[（+to）][O2]
Paralysis of the lower limbs condemned him to a wheelchair. 下肢癱瘓使他只好坐輪椅。
4.宣告……不適用（不完善等）[（+as）]
The old bridge has been condemned. 這座舊橋已被宣告不能使用。
5.宣告（某人）患不治之症
6.宣告沒收，充公
The film was condemned for its sexism.
這齣電影被指責帶有性別歧視。
we all condemn cruelty to women and children.
大家一致譴責虐待婦女兒童的行徑。
She was condemned to death and executed two weeks later.
她被宣判死刑，兩星期後被處決。
[ often passive ] They were condemned to spend the rest of their lives in prison.
他們被判終身監禁。
Poor education condemns many young people to low-paid jobs.
缺乏教育致使許多年輕人只能從事低收入的工作。
condemn limit報廢限度
condemn embrace譴責
condemn strongly強烈地譴責
似詞
blame責備；責任；過失
denounce譴責；告發；公然抨擊；通告廢除
disapprove不贊成；不喜歡
reproach責備；申斥
censure斥責，譴責
reproach責備；申斥
sentence判決，宣判
disapprove不贊成；不喜歡
相反詞
forgive表示原諒
forgive表示原諒
excuse原諒；為……申辯；準許……離開；給……免去；作為借口；請求寬恕
justify證明…是正當的；替…辯護
praise贊揚，稱贊；（；崇拜
condemnation
noun [ C or U ]
UK /ˌkɒn.dəmˈneɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌkɑːn.dəmˈneɪ.ʃən/
The shooting of the police officer has received universal condemnation.
槍殺員警事件受到了大衆的一致譴責。
dense
1.密集的，稠密的
We fought our way through dense forest. 我們奮力通過密林。
2.（煙，霧等）濃厚的
Traffic slowed down because of the dense fog. 因濃霧車輛減速行駛。
3.愚鈍的
He is so dense he'll never amount to anything. 他十分愚鈍，絕不會有出息。
density
noun [ C or U ]
UK /ˈden.sɪ.ti/ US /ˈden.sə.t̬i/ density noun [C or U] (THICKNESS)
(also denseness)
the number of people or things in a place when compared with the size of the place
（人口等的）密度
The area has a high/low population density.
該地區人口密度大／小。
We were unable to move because of the density of the crowd.
人太多，我們根本就動不了。
density noun [C or U] (OF MATTER)
PHYSICS specialized
the relationship between the mass of a substance and its size
（物質的）密度
Lead has a high density.
鉛的密度大。
Aluminium is low in density.
鋁的密度小。
Condense
vt.及物動詞
1.壓縮；濃縮thicken變濃；變厚；變得模糊；變粗；變復雜concentrate集中；濃縮；全神貫注；聚集
condensed milk 煉乳
condensed soup 濃湯
1. 甜煉奶 / Sweetened Condensed Full Cream Milk / 煉乳
是濃縮牛奶的一種形式，當中去除了約60％的水分，被裝罐之前加入了40％至45％的糖分，形成更濃稠的液體，而且具有焦糖色和超甜的味道。煉乳通常用於烘焙食品和甜點，例如派、布丁、冰淇淋，並用作咖啡和茶中的甜味劑。
2. 淡奶 / Evaporated Full Cream Milk
淡奶的形成是通過加熱牛奶直至水分蒸发約60％，然後將其均質、包裝、滅菌，裝罐，並可以在密封的情況下保存幾個月。由於裝罐前沒有加入糖分，淡奶自然是不甜的。與牛奶相比，加工過程中使用的高溫，使淡奶油增加了焦糖味和變得較深色。
淡奶油有不同的奶制品，比如：脫脂、低脂和全脂。它適用於增加菜肴的質地，而不是增加其甜味。它也可以用於制作甜味和鹹味的食譜。
所以呢，標有“Sweetened”字眼的，都是有添加糖，被歸類為“煉奶”，而“Evaporated”屬於“淡奶”，沒有添加糖的。
3. 奶精 / Creamer
奶精被人們廣泛添加入茶飲中飲用，比如：咖啡、奶茶。其實奶精也可以用在烘焙上，甚至一些菜肴，例如：奶油湯、馬鈴薯泥，添加奶精以便讓食物變得更順滑。
–甜奶精 / Sweetened Condensed Creamer
甜奶精已經添加了糖，通常用於飲料，例如拉茶、萬隆紅糖冰水（Syrup Bandung）等。 一些Cafe也用不同口味的甜奶精（巧克力、草莓、焦糖）加入面包上。
– 淡奶精 / Evaporated Creamer
淡奶精也有粉末狀的比如咖啡奶精，廣泛用於三合一飲料、珍珠奶茶、胡蘿卜奶、椰漿飯、蛋糕、甜點和ABC冰。
4. 植脂奶 /Filled Milk /
這種奶制品是指用除奶牛以外，利用其他脂肪的來源通常是植物油重構的奶制品，簡單來說就是乳脂已經被植物脂肪（植物油）所取代，因此膽固醇低，有助於食用者的心血管健康。
– 甜植脂煉奶 / Sweetened Condensed Filled Milk
成份：糖、奶固體、棕櫚油、水、大豆卵磷脂、穩定劑、維生素。
糖份偏高，約40-45％。
植脂淡奶 / Evaporated Filled Milk /
2.聚集（光線）
3.縮短，減縮（文章等）
He condensed his report from 2,000 words to 1,000.
他將報告從兩千字壓縮到一千字。
I condensed ten pages of comments into/to two.
4.使冷凝，使凝結
vi.不及物動詞
1.（氣體）冷卻成液體（或固體）
Moisture in the atmosphere condensed into dew during the night. 大氣中的水汽在夜裡凝成了露水。
2.濃縮；凝結
Condensation
Condensation is a process by which a substance changes from a gaseous state to a liquid state. As a gas cools, it loses heat, or thermal energy. The particles that make up the gas move more slowly; that allows the attractive forces among them to increase, causing droplets of liquid to form. The steps in this process are the opposite of what occurs in evaporation, the formation of a gas from a liquid.
A familiar example of condensation can be observed when water droplets form on the outside of a cold glass on a warm day. When warm air makes contact with a cold surface, water vapor in the air condenses, forming droplets of water on the cooler surface. The same process explains why eyeglasses fog up when the wearer moves from a cold area to a warm one.
In nature, condensation is an essential part of the water cycle, the circulation of water through the Earth system. Warm air containing water vapor rises from Earth’s surface into the atmosphere. As it rises, the air cools, losing its capacity to remain in the gaseous phase. The cooling water vapor then condenses to form water droplets, which in turn form clouds. The clouds formed through condensation may produce precipitation (such as rainfall or snowfall), which returns liquid water to Earth’s surface. Condensation occurring closer to Earth’s surface accounts for the formation of fog and dew.
Conduct
n. 行為
code of conduct 行為規範
disorderly conduct 目無法紀的行為
vt. 為…做嚮導
she conducted us around the house 她領我們在房子裡轉了轉
及物動詞
1.引導，帶領
He conducted the members of the audience to their seats. 他引觀眾到他們的座位上。
2.實施；處理；經營，管理
They hired agents to conduct their affairs. 他們僱請代理人來處理他們的事務。
3.為人，表現[O]
4.指揮（軍隊，樂隊等）
Mr. Green will conduct the orchestra. 格林先生將指揮這支管弦樂隊。
5.【物】傳導（熱，電等）
Most metals conduct electricity. 大多數金屬能導電。
vi. 指揮
he conducted from the piano 他通過鋼琴來指揮
he went on a conducting course 他上了指揮課
conduct
verb
UK /kənˈdʌkt/ US /kənˈdʌkt/
conduct verb (ORGANIZE)
B2 [ T ]
to organize and perform a particular activity
組織；實施；進行；處理
We are conducting a survey to find out what our customers think of their local bus service.
我們正在進行一項調查，了解顧客對當地公共交通服務系統的看法。
The experiments were conducted by scientists in New York.
這些實驗是科學家在紐約做的。
How you choose to conduct your private life is your own business!
你選擇怎麽過你的私生活是你自己的事！
减少例句
She said that she didn't want a lawyer and was going to conduct her own defence.
The company agreed to conduct a feasibility study for a hydroelectric plant at Aimores.
Sir William had the ability to conduct proceedings in a dignified manner without ever becoming stuffy.
A new team of detectives were called in to conduct a fresh inquiry.
The election campaign was not conducted very cleanly.
conduct verb (BEHAVE)
conduct yourself C2
to behave in a particular way, especially in a public or formal situation, or to organize the way in which you live in a particular way
（尤指在公共或正式場合中）舉止，表現；為人
How should I conduct myself at these dinners? I know nothing about etiquette.
我在這類晚宴上該怎樣做到舉止得體呢？對於禮儀我可是一竅不通。
conduct verb (SHOW WAY)
[ T usually + adv/prep ] formal
to lead someone to a particular place
引導；帶領；指引；給…帶路
May I conduct you to your table, sir, or would you prefer to have a drink at the bar first?
先生，我帶您去餐桌呢，還是您先在吧枱喝上一杯？
The protesters were conducted from the courtroom by two police officers.
抗議人士被兩名員警帶出了法庭。
[ T ]
If you conduct a tour of a place, you take people around the place and show it to them.
爲…導遊，帶（遊客）遊覽
A guide conducts tours of the cathedral every afternoon at 2.00.
每天下午兩點一位導遊會帶遊客參觀大教堂。
a conducted tour of the palace
有導遊陪同的宮殿遊
conduct verb (MUSIC)
B2 [ I or T ]
to direct the performance of musicians or a piece of music
指揮（合唱團、樂隊等）
The orchestra was conducted by Mira Shapur.
管弦樂隊由米拉‧沙普爾指揮。
Who's conducting at tonight's concert?
今晚的音樂會由誰擔任指揮？
conduct verb (ALLOW THROUGH)
[ T ]
to allow electricity or heat to go through
傳導（電或熱）
Copper conducts electricity, but plastic does not.
銅導電，但塑膠不導電。
conduct
noun [ U ]
UK /ˈkɒn.dʌkt/ US /ˈkɑːn.dʌkt/
conduct noun [U] (BEHAVIOUR)
behaviour
行爲，舉止；表現；爲人
bad/excellent/disgraceful conduct
糟糕的／得體的／丟臉的舉止
The club has a strict code (= set of rules) of conduct.
該俱樂部有嚴格的行爲準則。
更多範例
conduct noun [U] (ORGANIZATION)
formal
the way in which an activity is organized and performed
組織方式；實施方式
He was criticized for his conduct of the inquiry.
他組織這次調查的方式受到了批評。
Conductor
conductor
noun [ C ]
UK /kənˈdʌk.tər/ US /kənˈdʌk.tɚ/
conductor noun [C] (MUSIC)
B2
someone who directs the performance of musicians or a piece of music
（合唱團、樂隊等的）指揮
The conductor raised his baton.
指揮舉起了指揮棒。
a guest conductor
嘉賓指揮
conductor noun [C] (PUBLIC TRANSPORT)
US
(UK guard)
a railway official who travels on and is responsible for a train
列車長
UK
someone whose job is to sell tickets on a bus, train, or other public vehicle
（公共汽車、火車或其他交通工具上的）售票員
conductor noun [C] (SUBSTANCE)
a substance that allows heat or electricity to go through it
導體
Metal is a good conductor of heat.
金屬是良好的熱導體。
Confess
verb [ I or T ]
UK /kənˈfes/ US /kənˈfes/
B2
to admit that you have done something wrong or something that you feel guilty or bad about
坦白；供認，招認；承認（錯誤或罪行）
[ + that ] She confessed to her husband that she had sold her wedding ring.
她向丈夫坦白她賣掉了結婚戒指。
He confessed to sleeping/having slept through most of the movie.
他承認看這齣電影時大部分時間都在睡覺。
He has confessed to the murder.
他供認了謀殺罪行。
[ + (that) ] I have to confess (that) when I first met Reece I didn't think he was very bright.
我要承認，我第一次見到瑞斯的時候，覺得他不是很聰明。
It was all very confusing, I must confess.
我要承認，我覺得這一切太令人費解了。
in the Christian religion, especially the Roman Catholic Church, to tell God or a priest what you have done wrong so that you can be forgiven
（基督教、尤指天主教中向上帝或神父）懺悔
to confess your sins
懺悔你的罪過
Confession
confession
noun [ C or U ]
UK /kənˈfeʃ.ən/ US /kənˈfeʃ.ən/
B2
the act of admitting that you have done something wrong or illegal
坦白；供認，招認；承認
I have a confession to make - I've lost that book you lent me.
我要承認一件事——我把你借給我的那本書丟了。
I can't ask for help. It feels like a confession of failure.
我不能請求幫助，那感覺就像是承認失敗。
Confession is the first stage of coming to terms with what you've done.
坦白是你正視自己所作所爲的第一步。
He made a full confession to the police.
他向警方招供了一切。
confidence
noun
UK /ˈkɒn.fɪ.dəns/ US /ˈkɑːn.fə.dəns/
confidence noun (CERTAINTY) familiar常客；密友
[ C ]
a secret that you tell someone
秘密；知心話
They talked endlessly, exchanging confidences.
他們聊個不停，互訴心事。
in confidence
C2
If you tell something to someone in confidence, you do not want them to tell anyone else.
私下地；秘密地
take sb into your confidence
to share your secrets with someone, trusting them not to tell other people
向…透露自己的心事，將秘密告訴…
I should never have taken him into my confidence.
我真不該把他當作知心朋友。
你一定會有的六種好朋友！ (Six Types Of Best Friends You Have)
點頭之交 acquaintance
有一種人，就是互相會在 facebook 按讚，見到面會打招呼，但從來不會講超過五句話。這種人可以被歸類為「認識的人」。
在認識新朋友的時候，自我介紹是基本禮貌。但，常常握完對方的手之後，你就已經秒忘他/她的名字？我們的記憶力到底出了什麼問題？
為什麼老是忘記對方的名字？ (Why Do You Forget Their Name?)
普通朋友 friend
最一般的朋友講法 可能是平時生活圈有交疊的人，會聊聊近況但不會到太深入。
mutual friend 共同朋友
We met through a mutual friend, someone we both know from work.
我們是透過一個工作上的共同好友認識的。
熟人、親密朋友 close friend / good friend
親暱程度增加、可以聊很多事的好朋友類型。
Carol is a good friend of mine. We share everything in our lives.
卡蘿是我的好朋友，我們會分享生活中的大小事。
知己 confidante
有一種人，超懂你的心。開心的時候，他/她陪你笑，難過的時候，他/她陪你哭，分手的時候可以跟你一起痛罵前任，不用多說什麼就可以理解你。有這種朋友，也算是上輩子有燒好香啦！
一聽到「好朋友」，想必大家第一個想到的都是美劇六人行吧！一起來回顧經典片段，看看你跟你的知己們是不是也像這樣互動呢？
最佳死黨 bff
bff = best friend forever 每次跟好友們聚會、拍照打卡 hashtag 都不忘要標記 #bff ！
在這邊順便幫大家補充一下好友之間的暱稱，男女生都可以用！
buddy 通常為男生之間的暱稱
sister 姐妹淘
bestie 通常用於女生之間，就是俗稱的「閨密」囉！
閨密之間總有一些不為人知的小秘密，一個眼神的轉移、一個眨眼的暗示，你跟閨蜜之間也有特定的默契嗎？
知心好友 bosom friend
bosom 是胸襟、胸懷的意思。放在心上的人，當然就是好朋友囉！
青梅竹馬 childhood sweetheart
你身邊也有這種認識超過十年的好朋友嗎？你們可能從小玩在一起、念書一起、連彼此的婚禮都不會缺席！這就是所謂的青梅竹馬囉！如果是從高中在一起的班對，到最後走上紅毯，也可以稱作 high school sweetheart 。
你相信男女之間的純友誼嗎？到底是有一方多情，還是真的有這種東西存在呢？
筆友 pen pal
在以前通訊軟體尚未發達的時候，很多人會寫信來交友！現在這種靠文字傳達心意的東西，不知道是否還存在呢？
戰友 comrade
曾經一起打過仗、一同出生入死的革命情感，用這個字來形容再適合不過了。
網友 net pal/ internet friend/ netizen
網友的影響無遠弗屆，舉凡是瘋傳網路上影片照片或是解決 google 無法回答的疑難雜症，有一大部分都是網友的功勞！
有性關係的朋友 friends with benefits
就是俗稱的「砲友」啦！也有另一個說法是 pillow friend 。
酒肉朋友 fair-weather friend
fair weather 是好天氣的意思。只有好天氣時才存在的朋友，想必就是有福同享，有難不同當囉！
有些人就是平常玩在一起，當你發生困難時卻第一個落跑？這種人就是「酒肉朋友」無誤！
Charlie is merely a fair-weather friend. He always disappears when I’m going through difficult times.
查理只是酒肉朋友而已。當我有困難時，他總是會消失！
B2 [ U ]
the quality of being certain of your abilities or of having trust in people, plans, or the future
自信；信心，把握；信賴，信任
[ + to infinitive ] He has the confidence to walk into a room of strangers and immediately start a conversation.
他有信心步入一間滿是陌生人的房間並馬上和人搭上話。
She's completely lacking in confidence.
她一點自信也沒有。
I have every/complete confidence in her. She'll be perfect for the job.
我對她信心十足，她完全能勝任這份工作。
[ + that ] I don't share your confidence that the market will improve next year.
對於明年市場會好轉，我可沒有你那麽有信心。
减少例句
She's certainly gained (in) confidence over the last couple of years.
After six defeats in a row, the team's confidence has been badly shaken.
The government is trying to restore public confidence in its management of the economy.
Passing my driving test was such a boost to my confidence.
I don't have much confidence in him after his behaviour in recent months.
confidence noun (SECRET)
Confiden ti al
US /ˌkɑːn.fəˈden.ʃəl/
adj.形容詞
1.祕密的；機密的
confidential information 機密情報
2.表示信任的
She spoke in a confidential tone of voice. 她用信任的口吻說。
3.獲信任的；參與機密的
a confidential secretary 機要祕書
Confidential Memorandum保密備忘錄
private and confidential機密；保密
keep confidential保密，保守秘密
confidential paper機密文件
confidential information機密信息；機密情報
Confidentiality in the workplace has always been important, but modern offices have complicated the status quo. With every technology upgrade, the workforce is forced to adjust to new procedures and expectations. New workplace laws come out to set the standards for businesses and threaten serious penalties in the face of violations. As much work as it is though, confidentiality needs to take priority. The loss of information can mean anything from legal hassles to a complete shutdown of a business. To keep your livelihood protected, here are five tips to getting it right.
Workplace Security
Use these five tips to set a more well-rounded protocol in place for security:
Know the types: Personal information of customers, proprietary information, and employee data are all under the umbrella of confidential facts.
Watch what is said: Many employees will discuss personal matters casually without realizing that they can easily be overheard by another party.
Confidentiality contracts: You can present your policy in writing and have employees sign off on it. This makes it easier to enforce your internal guidelines.
Document control: Once you no longer need a document, secure shredding services will ensure it doesn't wind up in the hands of the wrong person. You can also store your documents in a secure space to reduce the odds of a breach.
Invest in IT: Your network can be one of the more vulnerable assets in terms of confidentiality. Make sure there's someone keeping an eye on it.
How to Maintain Confidentiality in the Workplace
The most important component of confidentiality is awareness. When employees stop paying attention, this is when problems start to occur. It's why large and small companies alike will have training sessions, sometimes less to teach new skills and more to remind people of the importance of confidentiality. It's also led to more restrictions in terms of overall access. If employees are on a need-to-know basis, there's less chance of information slipping through the cracks.
Confidentiality in the Workplace Laws
From the Americans with Disability Act (ADA) to Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), many workplace laws exist to ensure that employee information is protected. When it comes to enforcing these laws, access must be limited to sensitive information. HR executives can sometimes be put in a difficult position as they're often the keeper of this information and may sometimes be put in ambiguous situations. The best way to navigate these questions is to err on the side of giving out as little information as possible, as long as it doesn't compromise the safety of the person in question.
Confine
verb
UK /kənˈfaɪn/ US /kənˈfaɪn/
C2 [ T ]
to limit an activity, person, or problem in some way
把…局限在，限制
confine code line lengths to 90 characters, including blank spaces.
將代碼行的長度限制在90 個字符以內，包括空格。
Let's confine our discussion to the matter in question, please!
請把討論集中在正題上！
Please confine your use of the phone to business calls.
請注意電話僅限於辦公用途。
By closing the infected farms we're hoping to confine the disease to the north of the region (= stop it from spreading to other areas).
透過關閉受感染的農場，我們希望把疾病限制在該地區的北部。
lockdown
noun [ C or U ] mainly US
UK /ˈlɒk.daʊn/ US /ˈlɑːk.daʊn/
a situation in which people are not allowed to enter or leave a building or area freely because of an emergency
（建築或地區）因緊急情況而被封鎖了
The Secret Service is imposing a virtual lockdown on the city.
特勤局實質上把整個城市都封鎖了。
The school has been placed on lockdown this morning while authorities investigate a bomb threat.
這座學校今天早晨被置於封鎖之下，便於當局調查炸彈威脅。
C2 [ T usually passive ]
to keep someone closed in a place, often by force
（常指強制）關押，監禁，禁閉
The hostages had been confined for so long that they couldn't cope with the outside world.
人質被關押了那麽久，以致於他們對外面的世界一時適應不了。
be confined to somewhere/sth
to exist only in a particular area or group of people
僅存在於…；僅限於…
We know that the illness is not confined to any one group in society.
我們知道這種疾病不只局限於社會的某一個群體中。
This attitude seems to be confined to the very wealthy.
這種態度似乎只存在於上層階級中。
邊界，邊緣；區域，範圍[P1] boundary邊界；范圍；分界線
n. （尤指某個地方限制行動自由的）邊界；（尤指學科或活動領域的）范圍；限制
She passed her life within the confines of her native place. 她一生從未離開過故鄉。
The scientists are trying to prevent the water birds from leaving the confines of this preservation. 科學家們試圖阻止水鳥離開這個保護區的範圍。
confirmation
noun
UK /ˌkɒn.fəˈmeɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌkɑːn.fɚˈmeɪ.ʃən/
confirmation noun (CERTAIN)
B2 [ C or U ]
a statement, often written, that an arrangement or meeting is certain
（常指書面的）確認，確定
a letter of confirmation
確認書
We've only received five confirmations for the conference so far.
目前我們只收到五封參加會議的確認書。
We will send you written confirmation of our offer shortly.
我們很快會給您寄去我們的報價確認書。
Confirm
verb
UK /kənˈfɜːm/ US /kənˈfɝːm/
confirm verb (MAKE CERTAIN)
B1 [ I or T ]
to make an arrangement or meeting certain, often by phone or writing
確認，確定（安排或會議）
[ + that ] Six people have confirmed that they will be attending and ten haven't replied yet.
有六人已確認將參加，還有十人尚未答覆。
Flights should be confirmed 48 hours before departure.
應該在起飛前48小時確認航班。
I've accepted the job over the phone, but I haven't confirmed in writing yet.
我已在電話中接受了這份工作，但還沒有書面確認。
B2 [ T ]
to prove that a belief or an opinion that was previously not completely certain is true
確定；證實；肯定
[ + question word ] The smell of cigarette smoke confirmed what he had suspected: there had been a party in his absence.
煙味證實了他的猜疑：他不在時這裡舉行過派對。
[ + (that) ] Her announcement confirmed (that) she would be resigning as CEO.
她的聲明證實了她將會辭去執行長職位。
The young man's kindness confirmed her faith in young people.
這個小夥子的善良加強了她對年輕人的信心。
相反詞
deny否認；拒絕
disprove反駁，證明…是虛假的
contradict反駁；否認；發生矛盾
Conform
verb [ I ]
UK /kənˈfɔːm/ US /kənˈfɔːrm/
vi.不及物動詞
1.遵照，遵守；適應[（+to/with）]
If you don't conform to the traffic laws, you might get hurt.
如果不遵守交通法規，則可能受傷。
Most people willingly conform to the customs of society.
大多數人都願意遵守社會習俗。
2.符合，相一致[（+to/with）]
vt.及物動詞
1.使遵照
2.使符合，使一致[（+to/with）]
Every student is required to conform his behavior to the rules.
每個學生都必須遵守校規
相反詞
resist抵抗；忍耐，忍住
revolt反抗，反叛；叛逆，違抗
confront
vt.及物動詞
1.迎面遇到；面臨；遭遇
The soldiers were confronted by two terrorists as they left their camp. 士兵們離開營房時，迎面遇到兩個恐怖分子。
2.勇敢地面對；正視；對抗
confront danger 勇敢地面對危險
3.使面對；使遭遇；使對質[（+with）]
confront a prisoner with a witness 使囚犯與證人對質
4. 比較；對照
Conquer
conquer
verb [ T ]
UK /ˈkɒŋ.kər/ US /ˈkɑːŋ.kɚ/
vt.及物動詞
1.攻克，攻取
The city was conquered overnight. 那座城市在夜裡被攻克。
2.戰勝；克服；征服；成功地登上
I finally conquered my fear of heights. 我終於克服了我的懼高心理。
I believe man will conquer the weather in the near future. 我相信人類在不久的將來將征服天候。
3.贏得（觀眾、聽眾等）讚譽
The singer conquered the hearts of his audience. 那位歌唱家贏得了觀眾的心。
conquest
conquest
noun
UK /ˈkɒŋ.kwest/ US /ˈkɑːŋ.kwest/
n.名詞
1.征服；克服；佔領[U]
The basic aim of this institution is the conquest of disease. 本協會的基本宗旨是征服疾病。
2.（由征服所得的）掠奪物，繳獲品，佔領地[C]
The Romans extended their conquests to Britain. 羅馬人把征服範圍擴大到了不列顛。
3.博得歡心，贏得關注[C]
The rich and handsome young man made a conquest of Jeanne. 這位富裕而又英俊的年輕人贏得了琴的愛情。
4.【謔】（愛情的）俘虜[C]
someone you have had sex with but probably not a relationship
性玩物，性獵物
I was determined not to become just another one of his conquests.
我打定主意絕不成爲他另一個的性俘虜。
Love Conquest戰利品
Conquest Hold征服堡
Colonial Conquest殖民征服
Empire Conquest帝國征戰
Alien Conquest外星人征服
Conflict
n.[C,U]可數/不可數名詞
1.衝突，抵觸，不一致，分歧[（+between）]
This is an irreconcilable conflict. 這是一個不可調和的矛盾。
2.鬥爭，爭執，戰鬥[（+between）]
Armed conflict is likely to break out between the two countries. 這兩國間有可能發生武裝衝突。
in conflict有矛盾；不一致
culture conflict文化沖突
Managing Conflict解決沖突（manage conflict的現在分詞）
class conflict階級沖突；階級斗爭
mental conflict精神矛盾；心理沖突
conflict with沖突；與…抵觸
racial conflict Ethnic conflict 種族沖突
Racial discrimination 種族歧視
Conscience
片語
social conscience社會道德
scientific conscience科學良心
have a clear conscience問心無愧
conscience pure或者純粹意識
uneasy conscience不安的良心
in good conscience憑良心；公平地
have no conscience沒有良心；不辨是非
Guilyt Conscience良心
guilty conscience內疚
a clear conscience問心無愧
ecological conscience生態良知
in all conscience憑良心；當然；公平地說
Professional Conscience職業良心
Conscience Education做良心教育
humanity, family ambience and love streamed into a vast ocean. saluting to life becomes the proof of conscience for every living individual.
是啊，人性、親情與關愛在這里匯成溫馨的海洋，向生命致敬，是每一個生活在平安里的人的良知。
Conscientious
adjective
UK /ˌkɒn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs/ US /ˌkɑːn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs/
C1
putting a lot of effort into your work
認真的；盡心盡責的；一絲不苟的
a conscientious student
認真的學生
conscientious act謹慎認真的舉動
conscientious attention認真關注
conscientious ability自覺能力
conscientious scholarship嚴謹治學
Conscientious Collaboration盡職合作
Conscious
become conscious of觀察到
conscious activity意識活動
conscious awareness自覺意識
conscious
adjective
UK /ˈkɒn.ʃəs/ US /ˈkɑːn.ʃəs/
conscious adjective (NOTICING)
be conscious of sth/sb
B2
to notice that a particular thing or person exists or is present
意識到；察覺到；感覺到
My tooth doesn't exactly hurt, but I'm conscious of it (= I can feel it) all the time.
牙齒並不痛 ，可是我總覺得不舒服。
[ + -ing verb ] I think she's very conscious of being the only person in the office who didn't have a university education.
我想她對於自己是辦公室裡唯一沒有受過大學教育的人這一點很敏感。
[ + that ] He gradually became conscious (of the fact) that everyone else was wearing a suit.
他漸漸意識到其他人都是穿著西裝。
也請參見
subconscious adjective
conscious adjective (AWAKE)
C1
awake, thinking, and knowing what is happening around you
有意識的；神志清醒的；有知覺的
He's still conscious but he's very badly injured.
他神志還清醒，但傷得很重。
She's out of the operating theatre, but she's not fully conscious yet.
她已經出了手術室，可是還沒有完全清醒。
figurative humorous "Can I speak to Isobel, please?" "She's still in bed. I'll go and see if she's conscious (= awake) yet."
「我可以跟伊索貝爾通話嗎？」「她還沒起床，我去看看她醒了沒有。」
反義詞
Unconscious
conscious adjective (INTENTIONAL)
C2
determined and intentional
故意的，存心的；刻意的
He's obviously making a conscious effort to be nice to me at the moment.
他此刻顯然是在有意討好我。
It wasn't a conscious decision to lose weight. It just happened.
我沒有刻意減肥，就瘦下來了。
-conscious
suffix
UK / -kɒn.ʃəs/ US / -kɑːn-/
used after nouns and adverbs to mean "knowing about and worried about a particular thing", or "thinking that something is important"
（用於名詞或副詞後）有…意識的，看重…的
fashion-conscious teenagers
注重時尚的青少年
the health-conscious consumer
注重健康的消費者
He's never been especially politically conscious.
他從未特別關注過政治。
self-conscious
adjective
UK /ˌselfˈkɒn.ʃəs/ US /ˌselfˈkɑːn.ʃəs/
C1
nervous or uncomfortable because you are worried about what people think about you or your actions
侷促不安的；不自在的
He looked uncomfortable, like a self-conscious adolescent.
他看起來不太自在，好似一個局促不安的少年。
Consensus
consensus
noun [ S or U ]
UK /kənˈsen.səs/ US /kənˈsen.səs/
C2
a generally accepted opinion or decision among a group of people
一致的意見；共識
The general consensus in the office is that he can't do his job.
辦公室成員一致認爲他無法勝任工作。
Could we reach a consensus on this matter? Let's take a vote.
Consent
noun [ U ]
UK /kənˈsent/ US /kənˈsent/
C1
permission or agreement
許可，允許；同意
They can't publish your name without your consent.
未經你的同意他們不能公佈你的名字。
You can only come on the trip if your parents give their consent.
只有你父母允許，你才能參加這次旅行。
by common consent
most people agree
大多數人同意；普遍認可
Her latest novel, by common consent, is her best yet.她最新一本小說被普遍認爲是她迄今最好的作品。
consenting adult
noun [ C ] formal
UK /kənˌsen.tɪŋ ˈæd.ʌlt/ US /kənˌsen.tɪŋ ˈæd.ʌlt/
a person who is considered old enough, and therefore responsible enough, to decide if they want sex and who they want to have sex with
（能決定自己性行爲的）已達法定性成熟年齡的成年人
Consist
vi.不及物動詞
· 1.組成，構成[（+of）]A university consists of teachers, administrators and students. 大學由教師，行政人員和學生組成。The House of Commons consisted of 658 members. 下議院由六百五十八名議員組成。
all bodies consist of molecules and these of atoms. 所有物質都是由分子和原子組成的。
what will life consist of on other planets? 在其他的星球上，生命將由何組成？
· 2.在於，存在於[（+in）]The beauty of the picture consists in its balance of colors. 這幅畫的美在於其色彩的調和。Tolerance consists in respecting the opinions of others. 寬容在於尊重別人的意見。
The beauty of air travel consists in its speed and ease.
乘飛機旅行的好處在於快捷、舒適。
[ + -ing verb ] For her, happiness consists in watching television and reading magazines.
對她來說，幸福就是看電視和讀雜誌。
· 3.一致，符合[（+with）]The information consists with his account. 消息與他的敘述相符合。
Consistent
consistent
adjective
US UK /kənˈsɪs.tənt/
consistent adjective (NOT CHANGING)
C2
always behaving or happening in a similar, especially positive, way
一貫的；堅持的；始終如一的
There has been a consistent improvement in her attitude.
她的態度一直在改進。
Her work is sometimes good, but the problem is she's not consistent.
她工作有時不錯，問題是她不能始終如一。
反義詞
inconsistent (CHANGING)
adj.
形容詞
· 1.始終如一的，前後一致的[（+in）]He remained consistent in his opposition to anything new. 他始終反對一切新事物。
· 2.與……一致的；符合的[F][（+with）]His behavior is consistent with his teaching. 他的行為與其教誨相符。
· 3.【罕】連在一起的；堅實的；堅固的
Constituent
adj.
形容詞
- 1.構成（全體）的，組成的the constituent parts of an atom 原子的組成成分
- 2.選舉的；任命的
- 3.有憲法制定（或修改）權的；有組閣權的a constituent assembly 立憲會議
n.[C]
可數名詞
- 1.成分，組成的要素the constituents of cement 水泥的成分
consistency
noun
UK /kənˈsɪs.tən.si/ US /kənˈsɪs.tən.si/
(also consistence, /kənˈsɪs.təns/)
consistency noun (SUBSTANCE)
[ C or U ]
the physical nature of a substance, especially a thick liquid, for example by being thick or thin, smooth or lumpy, etc.
（尤指黏稠液體的）黏稠度，黏稠性
She loved the creamy consistency of fresh paint.
她喜歡新鮮油漆鮮奶油狀的黏性。
Melt the chocolate to a pouring (= easy to pour) consistency.
把巧克力熔化成流體狀。
consistency noun (BEING THE SAME)
[ U ]
the quality of always behaving or performing in a similar way, or of always happening in a similar way
連貫性；一致性
They've won a few games this season but they lack consistency.
這個賽季他們贏過幾場比賽，可是表現不穩定。
It's important to show some consistency in your work.
在工作中表現出連貫性很重要。
Constitute
KK[ˋkɑnstə͵tjut]
及物動詞
- 1.構成，組成[W]This move constitutes an act of aggression. 這一舉動構成了侵略行為。
- 2.設立（機構等）；制定（法律等）A committee was constituted to investigate into that affair. 建立了一個委員會以調查那件事。
- 3.指定，任命，選派……的[O1]The strikers constituted him their spokesman. 罷工工人選他為他們的發言人。
to form or make something
形成；構成；組成
Women constitute about ten percent of Parliament.
女性在議會中約佔10%。
The under-18s constitute nearly 25 percent of the town's population.
18歲以下的人口佔該城鎮人口的近25%。
Constitution
constitution
noun [ C ]
UK /ˌkɒn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/ US /ˌkɑːn.stəˈtuː.ʃən/
constitution noun [C] (LAWS)
C1
the set of political principles by which a state or organization is governed, especially in relation to the rights of the people it governs
憲法；章程
Britain has no written constitution.
英國沒有成文憲法。
the Constitution of the United States
《美國憲法》
Under (= as part of) the union constitution, a new committee is elected each year.
根據工會章程，委員會必須每年改選一次。
constitution noun [C] (HEALTH)
C2
the general state of someone's health
體質，體格
He has a very strong constitution.
他體格很強壯。
constitution noun [C] (PARTS)
how something is made up of different parts
組成；構成；結構；構造
the constitution of a chemical compound
化合物的結構
Constitutional
adjectiveUS /ˌkɑːn.stəˈtuː.ʃən.əl/
constitutional adjective (LAWS)
C2
allowed by or contained in a constitution
憲法（或章程）允許的，符合憲法（或章程）的
Such a policy would not be constitutional.
這樣的政策是不符合憲法的。
Freedom of speech should be a constitutional right.
言論自由是一項憲法規定的權利。
Constitutional crisis憲法危機
constitutional republic共和立憲制
constitutional monarchy君主立憲制度
constitutional convention憲法慣例；制憲會議；1787年美國制憲會議（Constitutional Convention）
constitutional arrangement憲制安排
constitutional amendment憲法修正案，修憲
constitutional judge任命的法官
constitutional law憲法；符合憲法的法律
Console
verb [ T ]
UK /kənˈsəʊl/ US /kənˈsoʊl/
to make someone who is sad or disappointed feel better by giving them comfort or sympathy
安慰，安撫，撫慰，慰藉
He tried to console her, but she kept saying it was all her own fault.
他盡力安慰她，可是她不停地說那都是她自己的錯。
I tried to console her with a box of chocolates.
我竭力想用一盒巧克力來撫慰她。
UK I was consoling Liz on having broken up with her boyfriend.
莉茲跟男友分手了，我在安慰她。
console
noun [ C ]
UK /ˈkɒn.səʊl/ US /ˈkɑːn.soʊl/
a surface on which you find the controls for a piece of electrical equipment or a machine
（電子設備或機器的）操縱臺，控制臺，儀表板操縱臺；（電腦的）操作桌；（管風琴的）演奏臺；落地式收音機（或電視機等）；（收音機等的）落地櫃
a gaming console
遊戲機
Console table桌案；螺形托腳桌案；倚墻飾托桌
console game電視游戲
audio console音控臺
Consolation
consolation
noun [ C or U ]
UK /ˌkɒn.səˈleɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌkɑːn.səˈleɪ.ʃən/
something that makes someone who is sad or disappointed feel better
安慰；慰藉；給人帶來安慰的事物
If it's (of) any consolation (to you), you're not the only one he was nasty to.
他不僅僅對你一個人粗魯，這也許能讓你略感安慰。
I didn't know what to say - I just offered a few words of consolation.
我不知說甚麽好——只是安慰了幾句。
Consult
vt.
及物動詞
- 1.與……商量I'll do nothing without consulting you. 我採取行動之前一定和你商量。
- 2.找（醫生）看病；請教He went to town to consult his doctor. 他進城去看醫生。
- 3.查閱（詞典，參考書等）He consulted his notebook repeatedly during his speech. 他講演時不斷看他的筆記本。
- 4.考慮，顧及
vi.
不及物動詞
- 1.商議，磋商[（+with）]We will consult together about her education. 我們將一起商議她的教育事宜。
- 2.當顧問[（+for）]The retired executive consults for several large companies. 那位退休的總裁在好幾家大公司當顧問。
Consultation
noun
UK /ˌkɒn.sʌlˈteɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌkɑːn.sʌlˈteɪ.ʃən/
n.
名詞
- 1.諮詢；商議；診察[U][C][（+with）]He is in consultation and cannot come to the phone. 他在商議事情，抽不出身接電話。
- 2.（磋商）會議；會診[C][（+on/about）]The doctors held a consultation before the operation. 醫生在作手術前進行了會診。The difficulties among us should be resolved by consultations. 我們間的問題應透過磋商來解決。
C2 [ C ]
a meeting to discuss something or to get advice
協商會，磋商會；諮詢會
After consultations with our accountants, we've decided how to cut costs within the company.
與會計師商討後，我們確定了如何削減公司內部的開支。
C2 [ U ]
the process of discussing something with someone in order to get their advice or opinion about it
磋商；諮詢；求教
He made the decision in consultation with his parents and teachers.
與父母和老師商議後，他做出了決定。
https://www.talkspace.com/blog/premarital-counseling-what-is-definition-where-to-find/
What Is Premarital Counseling?
Premarital counseling is a type of therapy that helps couples take the next step in their relationship, resolve issues in their relationship before they commit to marriage, or set relationship goals. This type of counseling is often provided by licensed marriage and family therapists or religious leaders who act as counselors. Many couples seek premarital counseling as a preventative measure, almost like going to see your primary care physician for an annual checkup. Instead of waiting until there is a problem, couples engage in premarital counseling to get ahead of any issues brewing below the surface. Think of premarital therapy as a resource to help couples prevent marriage counseling later on down the road.
Couples Therapy
Relationship-centered therapy that connects you and your partner
Learn more
Who Should Seek Premarital Counseling?
There are myriad reasons why a couple might want to seek premarital counseling. It’s a way to address a specific problem, for example if you and your partner keep getting into the same fight about each other’s spending patterns. But it is also a time to talk about sensitive topics with a neutral third party, to carve out dedicated time to discuss any fears and uncertainties about your future together, and improve the communication between you and your partner. From conflict resolution to setting realistic expectations for married life, a premarital counselor helps couples build and maintain a healthy relationship.
Premarital counseling is also a great way for couples to familiarize themselves with the therapeutic process, making them more likely to seek out support in the future through marriage counseling should issues arise later on. . Also, you don’t have to be engaged to opt for premarital counseling. Some couples can leverage this counseling to explore and talk openly about the idea of marriage. Premarital counseling helps couples understand their hopes, fears, and expectations around a healthy marriage, allowing them to make an informed decision about the future of their relationship and whether marriage is the right step.
What Topics Are Covered in Premarital Counseling?
No topics are off-limits when it comes to meeting with a licensed therapist through premarital counseling. That’s kind of the beauty of it. With that in mind, these are some of the most commonly discussed topics and reasons why couples seek premarital counseling:
Beliefs and values
Family relationships
Decision-making
Dealing with anger
Time spent together
Creating positive marriage resolutions
Matching expectations about big life decisions such as buying a house and starting a family
Avoiding toxic resentments
Dismantling fears about marriage or addressing marriage anxiety
Addressing any concerns you might have about the relationship or future together
Also, there are plenty of issues surrounding money, children, and sex that it’s important for couples to be on the same page about. We’ll dive into some questions on these topics below.
Money
Do you have student loan debt to pay off? How much do you have in savings?
What is your monthly budget?
Do you have an emergency fund?
Do you want to keep your finances separate, joint, or some combination of both?
Children
Do you want children?
How many children do you want?
When would you like to start trying to conceive?
What happens if you have trouble conceiving – are you open to considering adoption?
Sex
Are you happy with your sex life?
What if one partner would like to have sex more often than the other?
How will you bring up the topic of sex and desire with each other?
What Happens During Premarital Counseling?
The primary focus of going to a licensed therapist for premarital counseling is to help couples get on the same page about certain topics and to better understand themselves, each other, and their partnership. Therefore, one of the first exercises of premarital counseling is usually for each partner to answer a written questionnaire, or series of questions, about how they feel about each other and their relationship. Your answers can help pinpoint strengths, uncover potential problems, and identify personality traits that will be useful for your counselor to facilitate a productive conversation. Then, you will interpret your answers together with your couples counselor and discuss any commonalities or differences in your responses. This exercise will serve to set appropriate goals based on what challenges you wish to overcome with your future spouse.
Premarital counseling can stir up a lot of intense, uncomfortable emotions – there may even be some crying. It is completely normal and okay to express your emotions freely in premarital counseling. There’s a lot of value to having a safe space to share some of the feelings that aren’t out in the open and be vulnerable with your partner, so utilize the space to show emotions that are difficult for you and your partner to otherwise express.
Where to Look for Premarital Counseling
Many licensed marriage and family therapists provide premarital counseling as a part of their practice. There are also couples workshops, group therapy sessions, and community programs available to couples who prefer to learn in a group setting. Premarital counseling services can vary greatly in price, depending on how intimate the support is, where you live, how long you work with your counselor, as well as the counselor’s education, credentials, and experience. If price is a barrier, you may be able to find free or low-cost premarital counseling services through community service organizations, hospitals, or religious organizations like churches.
If you plan on getting married in a house of worship, check to see what requirements they have. Many religious institutions require couples to attend some sort of counseling before performing the marriage ceremony. This type of premarital counseling is generally faith-based and can come in the form of group courses, one-on-one meetings with a religious leader, or in the form of personality or compatibility tests.
Online couples therapy is a wonderful option for couples who don’t have the time or resources to attend in-person therapy. Especially since wedding planning adds another layer of stress and time commitment to a couple’s already full life, online therapy may be a great solution to squeeze premarital counseling into a busy schedule. Online therapy is also a great way to ease into the idea of therapy, if one or both partners is new to therapy or feels uncomfortable seeing a therapist in person. Online therapy is conducted via live video, text messaging, audio and video messaging, and many people find it easier and more convenient to communicate from the comfort of their own home.
No matter what type of therapy you choose, find someone who you and your partner both trust. Trust is key to any successful premarital counseling experience.While premarital counseling may be a less glamorous component of wedding planning, it is arguably the most important part of any healthy wedding planning process. After all, the wedding day will come and go, but the hope is that your marriage lasts forever. With the right support, premarital counseling can help you be more intentional about your journey to marriage and get excited about you and your partner’s next chapter together. Plus, you might even have some fun and learn something new about your partner!
Talkspace articles are written by experienced mental health-wellness contributors; they are grounded in scientific research and evidence-based practices. Articles are extensively reviewed by our team of clinical experts (therapists and psychiatrists of various specialties) to ensure content is accurate and on par with current industry standards.
Our goal at Talkspace is to provide the most up-to-date, valuable, and objective information on mental health-related topics in order to help readers make informed decisions.
Articles contain trusted third-party sources that are either directly linked to in the text or listed at the bottom to take readers directly to the source.
Consume
vt.
及物動詞
She consumed most of her time in reading.
她把大部分時間都花在讀書上。
- 2.吃完，喝光The kids soon consumed all the food on the table. 孩子們一會兒功夫便把桌上的食品全部吃光。
- 3.燒毀，毀滅The fire consumed half the village. 大火吞噬了半個村莊。
- 4.揮霍，浪費
- 5.使全神貫注，使著迷；使憔悴；充滿[H][（+with）]The boy was consumed with curiosity. 那男孩充滿好奇心。
vi.
不及物動詞
- 1.耗盡生命；被（燒）毀She consumed away with grief. 她抑鬱而死。
Consumer
consumer rights/advice
消費者權益／意見
Consumption
n.[U]
不可數名詞
- 1.消耗；用盡This food is for our consumption on the trip. 這些食物供我們旅途中吃。
- 2.消耗量；消費量[S1]There's too great a consumption of alcohol in Britain. 在英國酒的消耗量太大了。
- 3.消費products for domestic consumption 供國內消費的產品
food consumption食品消費；攝食量
Coal consumption[能源] 耗煤量
fuel consumption耗油量
water consumption[土壤] 耗水量
oil consumption油耗量；潤滑油消耗量
consumption credit消費信貸，非生產信貸
steam consumption蒸汽消耗；耗汽量
inflated consumption消費膨脹
consumption combination消費組合
low power consumption低功耗；低電耗
oxygen consumption[環境] 耗氧量，[海洋] 氧消耗
domestic consumption[貿易] 國內消費；生活用電量；家庭用水量
media consumption媒介消費
consumption structure消費結構
Gas consumption耗氣量；[油氣] 天然氣消耗量
power consumption能量功耗
high consumption高消費；高消耗
heat consumption[熱] 耗熱量；熱消耗
consumption tax消費稅
consumption level[經] 消費水平
material consumption物料消耗；[工經] 材料耗用
consumption abroad境外消費（服務貿易）
consumption set消費集
energy consumption[物] 能量損耗
coal consumption[能源] 耗煤量
gas consumption耗氣量；[油氣] 天然氣消耗量
consumption rate[經] 消費率；消耗率；單位消耗量
