abstinence
ab sti nence
noun [ U ] formal
UK /ˈæb.stɪ.nəns/ US /ˈæb.stə.nəns/
not doing something, such as drinking alcohol or having sex
節制；戒絕
The best way to avoid pregnancy is total abstinence from sex.
Dis integration
noun [ U ]
UK /dɪˌsɪn.tɪˈɡreɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌdɪs.ɪn.t̬əˈɡreɪ.ʃən/
the process of something becoming weaker or being destroyed by breaking into smaller parts or pieces
解體
These terrorists are trying to bring about a disintegration of the state.
這些恐怖分子正試圖導致國家的解體。
Children leaving to find work in the cities might lead to family disintegration.
孩子們離家去城市找工作，這可能會導致家庭的解體。
見
She was traumatized by the brutality that accompanied the disintegration of her former country.
He believes we are seeing the gradual disintegration of order in our society.
She survived the disintegration of her marriage and the challenge of raising five children.
He brought back order and strength to a country that was on the edge of ruin and disintegration.
Floating ice shelves in the Antarctic have undergone spectacularly rapid disintegration over the past decade.
perpetrate
perpetrate
verb [ T ] formal
UK /ˈpɜː.pə.treɪt/ US /ˈpɝː.pə.treɪt/
to commit a crime or a violent or harmful act
犯（罪）；施（暴）；做（壞事）
In this country, half of all violent crime is perpetrated by people who have been drinking alcohol.
在這個國家，一半的暴行是酗酒者犯下的。
Federal soldiers have been accused of perpetrating atrocities against innocent people.
聯邦士兵被控對無辜民眾做出殘暴行為。
prison
noun
UK /ˈprɪz.ən/ US /ˈprɪz.ən/
B1 [ C or U ]
a building where criminals are forced to live as a punishment
監獄
Conditions in the prison are said to be appalling.
聽說監獄裡的條件糟透了。
He's spent a lot of time in prison.
他坐了很長時間的牢。
She went to/was sent to prison for six months.
她入獄六個月。
It was a maximum-security prison (= intended to be especially difficult to escape from).
這是一所戒備森嚴的監獄。
They should put him in prison and throw away the key!
他們應該把他關進監獄，永遠也別放出來！
a prison cell/sentence/guard
牢房／徒刑／獄吏
[ U ]
the system of keeping people in prisons
監禁，關押；關押制度
the prison system
監獄制度
Do you think prison works?
你認為監禁有用嗎？
Prison (= the time he had spent in prison) hadn't changed him at all.
服刑對他絲毫沒有改變。
[ C ]
a situation or relationship from which it is difficult to escape
牢籠；禁錮
She felt that her marriage had become a prison.
她覺得自己的婚姻變成了牢籠。
更多範例
He was sent to prison for a crime that he didn't commit.
He was sent to a high-security prison.
If you spend any time in prison, you're labelled as a criminal for the rest of your life.
The release from prison of two of the terrorists has provoked a public outcry.
He served a year in prison and was then let out on probation.
prisoner
noun [ C ]
UK /ˈprɪz.ən.ər/ US /ˈprɪz.ən.ɚ/
a person who is kept in prison as a punishment
犯人，囚犯
Prisoners climbed onto the prison roof to protest the conditions inside the prison.
convict
verb [ T usually passive ]
UK /kənˈvɪkt/ US /kənˈvɪkt/
C2
to decide officially in a law court that someone is guilty of a crime
（在法庭上）宣判…有罪，證明…有罪
He has twice been convicted of robbery/arson.
他兩次被判犯有搶劫罪／縱火罪。
比較
acquit
更多範例
It was thought that he'd committed the crime but there wasn't sufficient evidence to convict him.
She was convicted of murdering her drunken and allegedly violent husband.
He was convicted of felony.
An Italian court convicted him in absentia for his terrorist activities.
If convicted, she could be jailed for five years for living off immoral earnings.
convict
noun [ C ]
UK /ˈkɒn.vɪkt/ US /ˈkɑːn.vɪkt/
someone who is in prison because they are guilty of a crime
已決犯，既決犯；（服刑中的）囚犯
an escaped convict
逃犯
Pe rimeter
perimeter
noun [ C ]
UK /pəˈrɪm.ɪ.tər/ US /pəˈrɪm.ə.t̬ɚ/
the outer edge of an area of land or the border around it
周邊，邊緣
Protesters cut a hole in the perimeter fence.
抗議人士在周圍的柵欄上破開了一個洞。
A river runs along one side of the field's perimeter.
有條河沿這片田地的一側流過。
MATHEMATICS specialized
the length of the outer edge of a shape
周，周長
Pre posterous
preposterous
adjective formal
UK /prɪˈpɒs.tər.əs/ US /prɪˈpɑː.stɚ.əs/
very silly or stupid
荒謬的，愚蠢的
The very idea is preposterous!
這個想法很荒謬！
a preposterous suggestion
preposterous adj.荒謬的 ( 與本性、理性或常識相反的 )
【反】commonsensical ( adj.明白事理的，有基本常識的 )
paranoia
paranoia
noun
UK /ˌpær.əˈnɔɪ.ə/ US /ˌper.əˈnɔɪ.ə/
[ C or U ]
an extreme and unreasonable feeling that other people do not like you or are going to harm or criticize you
疑神疑鬼，多疑
There's a lot of paranoia about crime at the moment.
現在人們十分多疑，總是害怕會有犯罪發生。
[ U ] PSYCHOLOGY specialized 妄想症
Someone who has paranoia has unreasonable false beliefs as a part of another mental illness, for example schizophrenia.
patronage
patronage
noun [ U ]
UK /ˈpæt.rə.nɪdʒ/ /ˈpeɪ.trən.ɪdʒ/ US /ˈpæt.rə.nɪdʒ/ /ˈpeɪ.trən.ɪdʒ/
patronage noun [U] (SUPPORT)
Political Patronage
the support given to an organization by someone
贊助，資助
The charity enjoys the patronage of many prominent local business people.
這家慈善機構獲得了本地許多重要的商人的贊助。
stave
stave sth in
— phrasal verb with stave verb
UK /steɪv/ US /steɪv/
staved or stove
mainly UK
to push or hit something such as a door or other surface so that it breaks and falls towards the inside
使（門等）向內凹陷；撞壞；壓壞
A couple of teenagers were trying to stave in our shed door.
幾個少年正企圖撞壞我們小屋的門。
The front of the ship was stove in where it had hit the rock.
船首撞上礁石，陷進去了一塊。
succumb
succumb
verb [ I ] formal
UK /səˈkʌm/ US /səˈkʌm/
to lose the determination to oppose something; to accept defeat
屈從，屈服；放棄抵抗；承認失敗
The town finally succumbed last week after being pounded with heavy artillery for more than two months.
在遭受了兩個多月的猛烈炮火轟擊後，小鎮最終在上星期放棄抵抗。
I'm afraid I succumbed to temptation and had a piece of cheesecake.
我還是沒抵擋住誘惑，吃了一塊乳酪蛋糕。
I felt sure it would only be a matter of time before he succumbed to my charms.
我確信他為我的魅力所傾倒只不過是個時間問題。
Squan der
squander
verb [ T ]
UK /ˈskwɒn.dər/ US /ˈskwɑːn.dɚ/ 死貴得
to waste money or supplies, or to waste opportunities by not using them to your advantage
浪費，揮霍（金錢或補給品）；糟蹋（機會）
They'll quite happily squander a whole year's savings on two weeks in the sun.
他們會心甘情願地花盡全年的積蓄，度過兩個星期的陽光假期。
Ireland squandered several chances, including a penalty that cost them the game.
愛爾蘭隊錯失了幾次機會，包括導致他們輸掉比賽的一次罰球。
vandalism
van dalism
noun [ U ]
UK /ˈvæn.dəl.ɪ.zəm/ US /ˈvæn.dəl.ɪ.zəm/
LAW
the crime of intentionally damaging property belonging to other people
恣意毀壞他人財產罪
Beset by violence and vandalism, this is one of the most unpleasant areas in the city.
這裡充斥著暴力和蓄意破壞公物行為，是本市最亂的地區之一。
These schools are known to be vulnerable to vandalism.
眾所周知，這些學校的公共財物經常遭到蓄意破壞。
any activity that is considered to be damaging or destroying something that was good
（對好事物的）糟蹋
Cutting down the old forest was an act of vandalism.
砍伐那片老林子是一種暴殄天物的行為。
The advertising industry's use of classic songs is vandalism of popular culture, he said.
他說，廣告業利用經典歌曲是對大眾文化的糟蹋。
annuity
annuity
noun [ C ]
UK /əˈnjuː.ə.ti/ US /əˈnjuː.ə.t̬i/
a fixed amount of money paid to someone every year, usually until their death, or the insurance agreement or investment that provides the money that is paid
（通常指一直付到某人死亡的）年金；年金保險；年金保險投資
an annuity policy
年金保險單
annuity income
年金收入
She receives a small annuity.
她每年得到一筆微薄的年金。
centenary
noun [ C ] UK
UK /senˈtiː.nər.i/ /senˈten.ər.i/ US /ˈsen.ten.er.i/ /senˈten.er.i/
(US centennial)
(the day or year that is) 100 years after an important event
一百週年紀念
centenary celebrations
百年慶典
counterfeit
coun ter feit
adjective
UK /ˈkaʊn.tə.fɪt/ US /ˈkaʊn.t̬ɚ.fɪt/
made to look like the original of something, usually for dishonest or illegal purposes
僞造的；仿造的；假冒的
counterfeit jewellery/passports/coins
假珠寶／護照／錢幣
compact
compact
adjective
UK /kəmˈpækt/ US /kəmˈpækt/
consisting of parts that are positioned together closely or in a tidy way, using very little space
緊湊的；密實的；小巧的
compact soil/sand
密實的土壤／沙子
a compact camera/bag
小巧的相機／手提包
What a compact office! How did you fit so much into so little space?
多麼小的辦公室！你們是如何把這麼多東西塞進這麼小的空間的？
re instate
reinstate
verb [ T ] formal
UK /ˌriː.ɪnˈsteɪt/ US /ˌriː.ɪnˈsteɪt/
to give someone back their previous job or position, or to cause something to exist again
使重返崗位，使恢復原職；把…放回原處；使恢復原狀
A month after being unfairly dismissed, he was reinstated in his job.
在被不公正解職一個月後，他又重新返回工作崗位。
re linquish
relinquishment
noun [ U ] 簽署文件
/rɪˈlɪŋ.kwɪʃ.mənt/ /rɪˈlɪŋ.kwɪʃ.mənt/
the act of giving up something such as a responsibility, claim, or possession
放棄；拒絕
How do you negotiate the relinquishment of native title rights when you do not know what they are?
你連原住民土地所有權是什麼都不知道，怎麼就放棄原住民土地所有權進行談判呢？
"Abandonment" is the relinquishment of property with the intention of not reclaiming it.
「放棄」是指放棄財產所有權且沒有收回的打算。
the act of stopping having something such as a feeling, especially when this is difficult
（尤指在困難的情況下）鬆開，放開，交出，讓予
The realization of positive feelings and relinquishment of negative feelings are the major goals of meditation.
意識到積極情感並釋放消極情感是冥想的主要目標。
更多範例
States have their own laws covering relinquishment of parental rights.
They were baffled by his voluntary relinquishment of power.
Old age is seen as relinquishment and abstinence. A time of memory, not of anticipation.
You have found inner peace because it's the relinquishment of self-will.
re novate
re plenish
replenishment 物流
noun [ U ] formal
UK /rɪˈplen.ɪʃ.mənt/ US /rɪˈplen.ɪʃ.mənt/
the act of filling something up again by replacing what has been used
補給，補充
Bone marrow plays an important role in the constant replenishment of red blood cells.
骨髓在紅細胞的不斷補充中起著重要作用。
A recent sand replenishment project widened the beach by hundreds of feet.
最近的一個沙子補充項目將海灘拓展了數百英尺。
見
replenish
They are moving toward continuous product replenishment to get items into the stores faster.
the continuous creation and rapid replenishment of new designs in the fashion industry
The inventory management system facilitates stock replenishment within minutes of a sale.
re quisite
requisite
adjective [ before noun ] formal
UK /ˈrek.wɪ.zɪt/ US /ˈrek.wə.zɪt/
necessary or needed for a particular purpose
必要的；需要的；必不可少的
He lacked the requisite skills for the job.
他缺少從事這項工作所必需的技能。
The requisite number of countries have now ratified the convention.
批准這項條約的國家已經達到了規定的數目。
requisite
noun [ C usually plural ] formal
UK /ˈrek.wɪ.zɪt/ US /ˈrek.wə.zɪt/
an important necessary thing
必需品；必要條件
A good book is a requisite for long journeys.
一本好書是長途旅行必備之物。
Self-esteem, self-judgment and self-will are said to be the three requisites of independence.
自尊、自量和堅持自我據說是自立的三個必備條件。
re plicate
replicate
verb
UK /ˈrep.lɪ.keɪt/ US /ˈrep.lɪ.keɪt/
[ T ] formal
to make or do something again in exactly the same way
使複現；重複；複製
Researchers tried many times to replicate the original experiment.
研究者們作了很多次努力，試圖重複這一實驗。
[ I or T ] BIOLOGY, COMPUTING specialized
If organisms and genetic or other structures replicate, they make exact copies of themselves.
再造；再生；自我複製
Chromosomes replicate before cells divide and multiply.
染色體自我複製後，細胞便開始分裂、繁殖。
Computer viruses replicate themselves and are passed along from user to user.
電腦病毒自我複製並從一個用戶的電腦傳到另一個用戶的電腦上。
DNA REPLICATION
BIOLOGY, COMPUTING specialized
the process by which organisms and genetic or other structures make exact copies of themselves
再造；再生；自我複製
The medication will slow down the replication of the virus.
藥物會延緩病毒的複製。
These chemicals increase the number of DNA replications in the target cell population.
這些化學物質增加了目標細胞內DNA的複製的數量。
re taliate
retaliate
verb [ I ]
UK /rɪˈtæl.i.eɪt/ US /rɪˈtæl.i.eɪt/
to hurt someone or do something harmful to someone because they have done or said something harmful to you
報復；反擊
If someone insults you, don't retaliate as it only makes the situation worse.
如果別人侮辱了你，不要報復，因為這樣只會使情況變得更糟。
The demonstrators threw rocks at the police, who retaliated by firing blanks into the crowd.
示威者向員警投擲石塊，員警則還以顔色，向人群發射空彈。
The terrorists retaliated against the government with a bomb attack.
恐怖分子實施了一次炸彈襲擊來報復政府。
經濟制裁（英語：Economic sanctions）
經濟制裁（英語：Economic sanctions）
經濟衰退（Economic recession）
經濟復甦的英文翻譯. 基本釋義. economic resurgence · economic recovery · economic rejuvenation
sanction
noun
UK /ˈsæŋk.ʃən/ US /ˈsæŋk.ʃən/
sanction noun (ORDER)
[ C usually plural ]
an official order, such as the stopping of trade, that is taken against a country in order to make it obey international law
制裁
Many nations have imposed sanctions on the country because of its attacks on its own people.
由於該國發生了對本國人民施暴，許多國家都對其進行制裁。
Trade/economic sanctions will only be lifted (= stopped) when the aggressor nation withdraws its troops.
只有侵略國撤軍，貿易／經濟制裁才會解除。
a strong action taken in order to make people obey a law or rule, or a punishment given when they do not obey
（爲維護法律或規定而採取的）強硬措施；（對違反法律或規定者進行的）懲罰，處罰
Without realistic sanctions, some teachers have difficulty keeping order in the classroom.
沒有切實可行的處罰措施，有些教師難以維持課堂秩序。
更多範例
A package of economic sanctions is to be enacted against the country.
The UN has imposed punitive sanctions on the invading country.
The UN announced its intentions to toughen sanctions still further.
She is in favour of a relaxation of the sanctions.
People were surprised at the time by the severity of the sanctions.
countermeasure
noun [ C ]經濟
UK /ˈkaʊn.təˌmeʒ.ər/ US /ˈkaʊn.t̬ɚˌmeʒ.ɚ/
https://academic.oup.com/book/5338/chapter/148114760
an action taken against an unwanted action or situation
對策；反措施，應對措施
The Chancellor's countermeasures against inflation have been completely ineffective.
財政大臣抑制通貨膨脹的對策絲毫不奏效。
re vamp
revamp 在英語-中文（繁體）詞典中的翻譯
revamp醫
verb [ T ] informal
UK /ˌriːˈvæmp/ US /ˌriːˈvæmp/
to change or arrange something again, in order to improve it
改造 修改；改進 改善
We revamped the management system, but the business is doing no better than it was before.
我們對管理制度作了徹底改造，但是經營業績並不比從前好。
Ae s the tic
adjective (US also esthetic)
UK /esˈθet.ɪk/ US /esˈθet̬.ɪk/
relating to the enjoyment or study of beauty
The new building has little aesthetic value/appeal.
新樓幾乎沒有甚麼美學價值。
An aesthetic object or a work of art is one that shows great beauty.
furniture that is both aesthetic and functional
既美觀又實用的傢俱
Aesthetic medicine 醫美
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetic_medicine
withdrawn 法
revocation
noun [ C or U ] formal
UK /re.vəˈkeɪ.ʃən/ US /re.vəˈkeɪ.ʃən/
the act of saying officially that an agreement, law, etc. is no longer in effect
撤銷，廢除
The complaint against the bar could lead to revocation of its licence.
對酒吧的投訴可能會導致其執照被吊銷。
They were working to reduce probation and parole revocations for offenders.
他們正在努力縮短罪犯的緩刑監督期，並力圖減少罪犯假釋被撤銷的情況。
詞條
revocation
中文
撤銷；撤回；取消；無效
解釋
權力、授權或授予之物的撤銷或撤回；廢棄遺囑、契據或要約，或使之無效。撤銷既可以是總括性的，即撤銷以前全部的行為和事物；也可以是個別的，即撤銷某一特定事物。撤銷可分為三種：根據當事人行為的撤銷；根據法律規定的撤銷；根據法院命令的撤銷，即司法撤銷〔judicial revocation〕。以當事人行為所為之撤銷必須出自當事人有意為之且自願，主要指撤銷對律師的授權和遺囑的效力。撤銷代理既可明示，亦可默示。但在下列情況中，本人〔principal〕不能撤銷其對代理人的授權：當本人已保證授權不可撤銷且代理人在執行職務中也具有利益時；當授權或權力與利益緊密相連，或具有有效的對價〔valuable consideration〕，或是保證的一部分；當代理人依據授權而進行的行為已具有強制性時。在合同法上，除非要約是不可撤銷的，否則，要約人在承諾前任何時候撤銷要約，均無須承擔責任。在刑法上，違反規定或新的違法行為均可導致緩刑〔probation〕或假釋〔parole〕命令的撤銷而使違法者重新服刑。推定撤銷〔constructive revocation〕是依據法律的規定進行的，無須顧及當事人意圖。
Call off 取消
On Tuesday night, North Korea threatened to call the whole thing off.（週二晚間，北韓威脅要取消會議。）
在這句話裡面，報導採用了一個較為口語的常見片語「call～off」，也就等同於取消的意思，注意這個片語和「put～off」不同，後者意思為延後、暫緩，等同於postpone之意，常出現在多益聽力題，聽的時候要注意「動詞用法決定語意」，不然誤會可就大了。
再補充一個和call有關的英文常見片語「call for」，意思為呼籲，後面接呼籲事項的內容，可接名詞或動名詞，例句：Several of the newspapers were calling for his resignation.（許多報紙媒體呼籲他盡快下台。）
Back out of 退出
Why is North Korea, which had been all sweetness and light for the past several months of negotiations, all of a sudden saying it might back out of the talks?（為何過去幾個月以來對於協商一直表現友善親切的北韓突然間說他可能會退出會談？）
另外一個用法就是「back out of」，為表達退出的意思。Back原本是後方的意思，但片語「back out of」取用往後退的含義，因此有退出之意。
另外和back有關的片語就是back up，可表達為有備份或是支持的意思，例句：All the evidence backs up her story.（所有的證據都支持了她的故事。）而當變成backup時，詞性則變成名詞，而該名詞屬於複合名詞，這也是英文常見的單字創作法之一。
在這裡需注意一點，那就是英文常會出現同個單字，但配上不同的介系詞使用後而完全改變語意的狀況，這些我們稱之為collocations（搭配字詞）。因此若要更理解外國人談話的內容，對於各種單字的collocations一定要有基本認知，建議在準備多益測驗時，順便整理一些collocation的單字表，增加對慣用語的掌握度，因為這些collocations經常會出現在英文對話題中。
Scuttle 阻饒破壞
They don’t believe Pyongyang is trying to scuttle the talks, at least not yet.（他們不相信北韓政府試圖阻饒破壞會談，至少現在還不是。）
Scuttle這個單字有表達阻饒破壞之意，相似於取消的含義，也和destroy、sabotage等單字同意。例句：Some of the stockholders are threatening to scuttle the deal .（部分的持股人威脅要破壞這個交易。）
Pull out of 退出
Kim appeared to suggest that it was Bolton, "talking about (a) formula of 'abandoning weapons first, compensating afterwards,'" which had prompted the threat to pull out of the planned summit. （金正恩似乎在暗示川普新聘的國家安全顧問John Bolton的論述「談到先棄武，後補償」的公式促使他威脅退出計畫好的高峰會。）
「Pull out of」其實和前面提到「back out of」有異曲同工之妙，概念很類似，只是採用不同動詞罷了。我們都知道pull有拉扯的意思，因此從某個東西中拉出來，就是退出的含義。另外比較正式的動詞為「withdraw from」，皆有退出的意思。例句：Both countries agreed to withdraw their troops.（兩國同意雙方軍隊撤退。）
vindicate
vindicate
verb [ T ]
UK /ˈvɪn.dɪ.keɪt/ US /ˈvɪn.də.keɪt/
to prove that what someone said or did was right or true, after other people thought it was wrong
證明…正確；證明…是真的
The decision to include Morris in the team was completely vindicated when he scored two goals.
莫里斯攻入了两球，證明當初將他招入隊中是完全正確的。
The investigation vindicated her complaint about the newspaper.
調查證明了她對那家報紙的投訴屬實。
elig ibility
eligibility
UK /ˌel.ɪ.dʒəˈbɪl.ə.ti/ US /ˌel.ə.dʒəˈbɪl.ə.t̬i/
the fact of having the necessary qualities or satisfying the necessary conditions
有資格，符合條件
I'll have to check her eligibility to take part.
我得核實她是否有資格參加。
The eligibility rules prevent under-18s being in the team.
資格規則禁止18歲以下的人加入團隊。
our eligibility for government funding
我們獲得政府資助的資格
We assessed the town's eligibility for an Historic District designation.
The representative says the current eligibility requirements for the adapted housing programme are fair.
Clients must meet all clinical and financial eligibility criteria.
infringement
infringement侵權
noun [ C or U ]
UK /ɪnˈfrɪndʒ.mənt/ US /ɪnˈfrɪndʒ.mənt/
an action that breaks a rule, law, etc.
違反，違背（規定、法律等）
copyright infringement
侵犯版權
Even minor infringements of the law will be severely punished.
即使是輕微的違法行為也將受到嚴厲的懲罰。
Thwart 船檔板
UK /θwɔːt/ US /θwɔːrt/
mis carriage
spear head
spearhead
verb [ T ]
UK /ˈspɪə.hed/ US /ˈspɪr.hed/
to lead something such as an attack or a course of action
Delicacy
De li ca cy 帶力可吸
noun
UK /ˈdel.ɪ.kə.si/ US /ˈdel.ə.kə.si/
delicacy noun (FOOD)
[ C ]
something especially rare or expensive that is good to eat
