心輔驛站 這是一個為任何一個有心理需要或困擾的人所設的專屬小站。

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    In our natural world, this concept is also very important. For instance, the term photosynthesis means that plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen during daytime. In contrast, human beings inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. This balance between plants and human beings results in homeostasis of our nature. With photosynthesis, we have fresh air all the time. More than that, the law of conservation of matter means that all material will not perish. For instance, leaves fall down to land when they mature. Fallen leafs start to be rotten in a short time. Worms breed when leaves become rotten. As a result, fallen-leaves help plants to grow. Life begins again. This is another example of nature's ways of maintaining balance even though there are births and deaths every day.

The concept of homeostasis provides people a way to understand and explain the growing and developing phenomenon that occurs in their inner psychological world. Balance is a psychosocial phenomenon whereby "an individual assimilates and incorporates new information and experience in order to satisfy existing need deficits so as to pursue a state of homeostasis" (Whitner & Abrahamowicz, 1990). Ellis (1984) assumes that people are inherently rational and irrational, sensible and crazy. According to Ellis, this duality is biologically inherent and it is perpetuated unless a new way of thinking is learned. Irrational thinking may include the invention of upsetting and disturbing thoughts. However, it is believed that the greater the discrepancy between one's private logic and reality, the greater the probability for inappropriate behavior in response to life events. (Whitmer & Sweeney, 1990). Therefore, when our perception of the world is irrational, we may break our psychological homeostasis. As a result, we create our developmental crisis.

My third view of human nature is that I believe human nature grows to become whole. Nye (1981) believe that a human is "an outgrowth of what a person experiences, and an awareness of self helps a person differentiate him or herself from others." Therefore, understanding personal need satisfaction requires the acceptance of the premise that all individual are unique. Step by step, our psychological world grows when we encounter more events.

Maslow ( 1968 ) believes that each human being is born with a different hierarchy of desires. Those hierarchy desires begin with biological desire, move up through desires of safety, desires of love, dignity, self-actualization, and end up with peak experiences. According to Maslow's (1968) hierarchy of motives, unless human being can get satisfaction from lower hierarchy, i.e. biological desires, they will not look for the satisfaction of higher order desires, i.e. love. Human beings are born with those desires and pushed by their desires. Thus, we need to fulfill each hierarchy of our desires until we reach our final goal, peak experience. Mead (1967), Schutz (1966) do not agree with this idea that people need only their self-actualization. They think that each individual is shaped by the interaction between a person and his society. These interactions give rise to many experiences in our life. However, only those experiences that are meaningful to us can be selected by us and shape each individual's personality.  People are paid to learn. They grow from learning.

I am in agreement with Maslow's idea that we are pushed by some desires. However I won't define that as good or bad. It is a process from survival to attaining completion. Gestalt believes that human beings grow to become whole and complete in their lives. This theory suggests that people make contact through a characteristic style of interacting with the environment (Hartung, 1991). Also, while growing to become whole, we remain balanced not only in our physical but also in our psychological life. That is, we need homeostasis both in our physical and psychological world.