Building 217 +Osz 。 祂為我死，我為祂活。 歡迎留言。

96愛的鼓勵 0訂閱站台

語言與文化作業，有史以來打最久又最不知道自己在幹嘛，但真得藉由寫作業過程中更多了解自己有多不懂看起來很簡單的概念的一份作業。800字不到，竟然耗我三個鐘頭，太特別了，所以想要分享一下。

好險禮拜二教哲停課，不然就死定了！（因為禮拜一滿堂晚上還有禱告會，所以禮拜二的東西一定要在禮拜一之前弄完，就禮拜天的小小衝刺這樣:")）

 

Language & Culture    10/08 assignment

教育四甲498001280 Rachel Chang張詠惠

 

p.85 #5 [traditional value]

Based on Stewart and Bennett’s cultural orientations, how do you characterize our own (Chinese) cultural patterns? Explain your answers and support your claims (about each value orientation in our culture) with concrete evidence.

 

a.      Activity orientation: “being”—we emphasize on fate and somehow put the work as a part of our own life, which make the separation from play impossible.

Examples

1. fate: we often heard people said “這一切都是命/唉，就是我命不好”

2. goal/ideals孔子「知其不可而為之」：雖然很難，結果也不好看，但是還是追求理想。（典故：「君子之仕也也，行其義也，道之不行，已知之矣」）

3. take work as a part of life: like teachers, will devote a lot in school, while asking nothing in return.

b.      Social relations orientation: social hierarchy is emphasized (long-lasting membership, high formality), predetermined by birth/gender, indirectly communications through intermediaries, dependent.

Examples

1.      We put lots of emphasize on family and social backgrounds.  Though it is not fair, but some recruitment can still be influenced by family relations instead of equals.  And teachers also held different expectation toward students of varying social background.

2.      formality: students are asked to call on teachers last name like 張老師.

3.      speak indirectly: we are asked to 給別人台階下 or 保住面子.  So instead of pointing out others problems, we often speak it indirectly.  For example, instead of saying “no, I won’t go to the party.” I will say “let me think about it, I’ll surely call you if I got a chance to go.”

4.      Obligations: we are asked fulfill lots of obligations from “authorities”—given by the high degree of formality and hierarchy.  Like doing the dishes and getting good grades, it’s like following the grown-up rules instead of independent decisions.

c.       Self-orientation: form identity with others, self-realization overlooked, duty as important motivation, respect the wise elderlies.

Examples

1.      regarding the elderly as the most wise people.  We respect them and encouraging kids to learn from them.  So in big meeting or council, the sequence of speech is usually ranged by age.

2.      we can pursue the group business even to the degree of losing our own interest.  Chinese people are very devoted to group honor by置個人生死於度外.  But at the same time, individual performance is neglected behind the group achievement.

d.      World-orientation: (traditionally) view spiritual and physical worlds as one.

Examples

1.      people decorate house according to 風水

2.      人在做，天在看、七月鬼門開

3.      Chinese people value the past a lot.

4.      nature should not be manipulated but live in harmony in 道家思想, so lots of classical Chinese garden loves “natural” things—instead of squares and perfect circles.

 

p.86 #6

What kind of changes in cultural orientation has our culture been undergoing? Explain your answers and support your claims with concrete evidence.

 

a.      From traditionally “being” to “doing”: Living in Taipei, I witness the fast pace of life, emphasizing the outcome instead of the process, separate work from family.  There are more proverbs in our textbooks, asking us to work hard think our culture is the combination of the “being” and “doing”.  For example, we have lots of proverbs in textbooks or slogans encouraging people to “do” more, like 成功是一分的天才，加上九十九分的努力.

b.      from hierarchy to “equal”: the authority is questioned in the new generation.  My friend is teaching in the elementary school.  And one day when she asked one of her students to write down the correct answer ten times (which is quite natural during our generation), the boy said no.  “I have the right to say no, don’t I?”  As a result, instead of following the obligation, the younger generation began to focus on their own autonomy and independency.

c.       more emphasize on “innovation”: beginning from the business field, the need of new ideas is rising.  The elderly people began to be negatively labeled as “LKK” because they have difficulties to catch up with the new technology.

d.      the world become “technically controlled “: 人定勝天is widely accepted and being applied in the sense that began harming our environment.  We have negative impression on the people that held the traditional thought as “superstitious”, out of date.  And we put “science” as the highest logical standards.