今天session: Non-western Genres Sanskrit Drama, Noh, and chinese Opera
Questions:
Do we always read with Western eyes?
What must we know to read effectively across cultures?
課堂上,Professor F 請本系所專研亞洲劇場的Prof. O來講解Noh,日本能劇的歷史與特色. 2005 Spring 我曾上選修她的亞洲劇場,a wonderful memory,不過也發現自己遺忘許多知識
這次上課前為了亞洲劇場主題,不但把所有assignments讀完,外加K京劇,因為教授可能會直接點名我講中國京劇的東西,畢竟我已然有兩次被點名而且都是和Chinese Opera有關問題
說真的,台灣很多人不看國劇也不想看,這當然要追溯台灣的政治歷史
當然,這東西美國人怎會了解,他們認為台灣人和中國人共享同一個歷史
除了政治因素,許多台灣人不看國劇也是來自現代化影響
當西方霸權當道,西方產物”Modernization”開始同化許多次要文化
台灣年輕一代不再擁有自身傳統,而是共享與西方同布的現代產物
The universal civiliazation 漸漸行成
然而不管國劇對我是如此遙遠並帶著異國情調,還是為了課堂而準備一下
出乎意外,由於借到一本好書,使我非常容易地重新了解中國京劇發展
這本書是由台灣出版社發行,撰選人曾在美國求學教書,目前(1961)正在台灣任職.
本書的英文與架構清楚明瞭,所以句句是重點
以下就是我的筆記 (from the book ”Classical Chinese Plays”)
History:
Both music and choral dancing were well developed during the Han 漢dynasty (206 BC~220 AD)
Fond of music, Ming Huang (唐明皇) established a college known as the ”Pearl Garden” or ”Li Tuan” (梨園), where hundreds of young men were trained as vocalists, musicians, and dancers.
In sung宋 dynasty (960-1126) Stories began to be acted out in intermissions between musical and other shows. Tsa-Chu or Mixed-Performance 雜劇 was emreging.
The idea of telling a story by means of dance combined with music and song became popular. This was perhaps the first real Chinese drama and was called Nan Chu or southern drama 南曲
The Mongols learned to like the storytellers. The Nothern scholoars wrote novels and stories, using the colloquial language. Influenced by the tsa chu and the nan chu, Pei chu or Northern drama 北曲 is emerging.
Southern drama--Pi Pa chi 琵琶記 by 高明
Northern drama--Hsi Hsiang Chi 西廂記 by 王實甫
Nan chu increased enormously in popularity in Ming dysasty 1368-1643). And the most energetic branch of southern drama is Kun Chu 崑曲.
Ching Hsi 京戲 took Kun Chu’s place in Ching dynasty (1644-1911)
Chien Lung’s 乾隆 birthday event, all troupes came to Beijing. After the festivites, many troupes stayed on in this great city to make it the center of dramatci activites.
Capital Opera employs features of the different drama groups that migrated to Peking from all parts of China.
note: Ching Hsi京戲=Capital Opera國劇=Kuo Chu國劇= Ping Chu平劇
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