美學與表象
前者是我從以前到現在不變的關懷探討
後者是我必須處理和自己和平相處的議題
從以下2來源都有一個共同論點
主體,即意識物體的相對性
在美學中,主體牽扯主觀與客觀
在表象中,到底主體抑物體為多樣性
所以不管在任何領域中
主體何為之重
哎呀呀
還是得回到自己與自己
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aesthetics (source from yahoo)
the branch of philosophy that is concerned with the nature of art and the criteria of artistic judgment. The classical conception of art as the imitation of nature was formulated by Plato and developed by Aristotle in his Poetics, while modern thinkers such as Immanuel Kant, F. W. Schelling, Benedetto Croce, and Ernst Cassirer have emphasized the creative and symbolic aspects of art. The major problem in aesthetics concerns the nature of the beautiful. Generally speaking there are two basic approaches to the problem of beauty竾he objective, which asserts that beauty inheres in the object and that judgments concerning it may have objective validity, and the subjective, which tends to identify the beautiful with that which pleases the observer. Outstanding defenders of the objective position were Plato, Aristotle, and G. E. Lessing, and of the subjective position, Edmund Burke and David Hume. In his Critique of Judgment, Kant mediated between the two tendencies by showing that aesthetic judgment has universal validity despite its subjective nature. Among the modern philosophers interested in aesthetics, the most important are Croce, R. G. Collingwood, Cassirer, and John Dewey.
See K. E. Gilbert and H. Kuhn, A History of Esthetics (rev. ed. 1953, repr. 1972); M. C. Beardsley, Aesthetics from Classical Greece to the Present (1965); H. Osborne, Aesthetics and Art Theory (1970); G. Dickie, Aesthetics: An Introduction (1971); A. C. Danto, The Philosophical Disenfranchisement of Art (1986); D. Sumner, The Judgment of Sense: Renaissance Naturalism and the Rise of Aesthetics (1987).
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表象(reprentation),即是事物呈顯的方式
事物存在宇宙間,不管是物質性或者精神性
總之事物它是存在,它有,il y a,而非虛無,
它以物質性方式,或者精神性方式存在,
如果是物質性,它就具有擴延性,它佔積,
如果是精神性,它就具有觀念,(姑且這樣去說)
而這兩種事物,都呈顯給主體,
物質性事物,以它的擴延性,呈顯給主體,
精神性事物,以它的觀念,呈顯給主體,
物質性事物被表象為(be represented)佔積,
精神性被表象為觀念感取,
而主體具有認識能力(faculty)
可以去認識事物的呈顯,亦即可以認識表象,
事物的兩種呈顯,物質的或精神的,被主體認識
主體透過認識能力,去發現呈顯,去意識到它存在,
主體認識到它,知覺到它,因而判斷它存在,
它(事物),的存在,透過主體的認識能力,才被認識,
它存在,il y a,如果沒有被主體認識,也無價值,
它存在,僅僅就主體可以認識到它,它存在才具意義,
主體的認識能力,認識到它,肯定它的存在,
它的存在,透過主體的認識,當真存在,
只是表象同一,然而主體許許多多,
許許多多的主體,不同的心裡結構,
相異的個別經驗,落差的注意重心,因此
同一表象,因不同主體,認識也不同。
表象雖然同一,被不同主體認識後,
在個別主體的內心,已經不同而相異。
對於同一表象,在每個主體心中,
都是不同性狀,相異溝連,
例如一顆樹,有人溝連橡樹,有人櫻桃樹,
例如沙漠,有人想到撒哈拉,有人戈壁,
而在叔本華那裡,主體唯一,非多,
僅僅叔本華是主體,僅僅自我是中心,
世界同一,表象同一,然而認識也唯一,
同一的世界,被唯一主體認識,
不具主體之差異性,不具認識之個別性,
唯一的主體,和其所認識的同一世界,
就是叔本華學說之中心,
這就是表象的簡單解釋
http://blog.sina.com.tw/archive.php?blog_id=14874&md=entry&id=2163