美國詩人評論家邁寇▪埃斯寇巴斯(Michael Escoubas)簡評非馬的漢英雙語詩選《無夢之夜》原文及譯文。譯文刊登於《秋水詩刊》194期,2023.1
A Dreamless Night The Selected Chinese/English Poems of William Marr 168 Poems ~ Reviews and Comments ~ 258 Pages Format: 6’’ x 9’’ ~ Perfect Bound Publisher: Chicago Academic Press Price: $21.99 ISBN: 9798761154803 To Order: Amazon.com Reviewed by Michael Escoubas
Of the great Chinese poets of history, Du Fu, (712-770, Tang dynasty), arguably was the greatest. Although this description may apply to many, I use the reference here simply to highlight that William Marr, like Du Fu, seeks to build bridges. Du Fu made poems out of the cloth of everyday experiences, bridging the commonplace with the profound. This is what good poets do. William Marr doesn’t look for subjects about which to write. The subjects find the poet. Witness his latest collection, A Dreamless Night. The poems are presented bilingually with the Chinese and English texts on facing pages. I found it fascinating to imagine which Chinese letters fit with their English counterparts. Thus, a bridge of fellowship is formed through language. With seeming ease, Marr provides a multitude of crossings for his readers. Whether you favor nature poems, or poems about history, faith, family, birds, animals, endangered species, or the bricks and mortar of city skyscrapers and the people who inhabit them, A Dreamless Night has a poem for you. Marr’s economical use of language is instructive. There is a time-worn cliché: Less is more. In this poet’s case “less” is exactly right! I want to display this “less is more” feature through several examples: Story The dog has her eyes closed but the old man knows she’s listening Her warm back is moving closer and closer
Notice how simple life occurrences become occasions for poetry. The crisp diction and lack of punctuation strip out everything not pertinent to the poem. This is a hallmark not only of Dreamless Night, but of Marr’s poetic canon. Another example: Bird Cage Again Open the cage let the bird fly away and give the sky back its freedom Not only is this a prime example of language economy, but its message illustrates situational irony. Marr is a master of this technique. At first reading I assumed that “freedom” was a reference to the captive bird’s release. However, the poet surprised me! The typographical technique of extra line spacings increases the “open air” effect conducive to the poem’s freedom theme. I appreciate Marr’s ability to bridge the visible outer-world of nature with the conflicting inner-world of human experience. Even when one is emotionally undone (which your reviewer often is) nature offers consolation: This Little Bird Having a cold fighting with the wife blinded by the sun excuses are abundant Yet this little bird sings the morning into gold Personification takes center stage in: Snowfight carrying a cry of joy a snowball whizzes toward you it lands right on the bud waiting to bloom on your beaming cheek The poet’s bridge between sound and emotion, while commonplace, is made fresh and palpable in: Rainy Season Over and over repeating always the same old stuff drip drip drip chip chip chip O how desperately we long for a deafening thunder or an overwhelming shout SHUT UP! In poem after poem, I heard my inner voice whispering, “Yes, yes, you know what is being said, you have experienced this. Marr builds a bridge to romantic tenderness in: Sharing an Umbrella Sharing an umbrella I suddenly realize the difference between us Yet bending over to kiss you gives me such joy as you try to meet me halfway on tiptoe Who among us hasn’t been there? Who among us cannot imagine such an intimate moment? This is part of William Marr’s genius. A moment becomes the summation of a lifetime. Thus the power inherent in poetry. There is virtually no important topic untouched in A Dreamless Night. Marr’s treatment of death is cryptic but effective: Old Woman Like a worn-out record the deep grooves on her forehead repeat and repeat I want to live I want to live I want to One of the profound casualties of our dependence on manufactured power sources is brought front and center in: Blackout a powerless night when people suddenly noticed the existence of the moon and stars While the poem “Blackout” carries with it a touch of irony about modern necessities, the abiding value of A Dreamless Night, for this reviewer, is exactly the opposite of its title. This seminal collection points to a world long neglected: a world wrapped in a shawl of truth and love. Something to dream about in the light of day.
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http://quillandparchment.com/archives/May2022/book3.html
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Michael Escoubas is currently serving as Senior Editor and Book Reviewer for Quill
and Parchment, a 21-year-old literary and cultural arts online poetry journal.
The author of five collections of poetry, he has immersed himself in recent years in
commentary, theory and philosophy of poetry.
http://quillandparchment.com/archives/May2022/book3.html
無夢之夜
非馬中英詩選粹
168 首詩 ~ 綜述與簡評 ~ 258 页
紙型: 6’’ x 9’’
出版社: 芝加哥學術出版社
書價: $21.99
ISBN: 9798761154803
訂購: Amazon.com
書評者:邁寇•埃斯庫巴斯(Michael Escoubas)
在中國歷史上偉大的詩人當中,杜甫(712-770,唐朝)可說是最偉大的。雖然這一描述可適用於許多人,我在這裡提到這一點只是為了強調非馬,同杜甫一樣,都在尋求建造橋樑。杜甫以日常經驗為素材寫詩,將平凡與深刻聯繫在一起。這就是優秀詩人們所做的。
非馬不尋找寫作題材。是題材找到了詩人。他的最新詩選《無夢之夜》可為明證。
這些詩以中英文雙語呈現在頁面上。我發現想像哪些中文與英文相匹配是很有趣的事。就這樣,通過語言構成了一座友誼的橋樑。
非馬似乎很輕鬆地為他的讀者提供了大量的交匯點。無論你喜歡自然詩,還是關於歷史、信仰、家庭、鳥類、動物、瀕危物種的詩,或城市摩天大樓的磚塊和灰泥以及居住在其中的人們,《無夢之夜》都有一首為你而寫的詩。
非馬使用的精簡語言很有啟發性。有一句老生常談:少就是多。在這位詩人的手裡,“少”便是恰恰好!
我要通過幾個例子來展示這“少就是多”的功能:
故事
狗閉着眼
但老人知道牠在傾聽
温情的背
正越挨越近
請注意簡單的生活事件如何成為詩的場景。簡潔的措辭和標點符號的省略,讓同這首詩無關的一切都消失了。這不僅是《無夢之夜》的標誌,也是非馬詩的標誌。
另一個例子:
再看鳥籠
打開
鳥籠的
門
讓鳥飛
走
把自由
還給
天
空
這不僅是語言精煉的一個典型例子,它的信息也說明了情景的反諷。非馬是這項技巧的大師。在第一次閱讀時,我以為“自由”指的是被捕獲的鳥被釋放。然而,這位詩人讓我大吃一驚!額外空行的排版技術增加了有利於詩的自由主題遼闊空間的效果。
我欣賞非馬將可見的自然外部世界與衝突的人類體驗內部世界聯繫起來的能力。即使一個人在情感上一蹶不振(我經常如此),大自然也會給他帶來安慰:
這隻小鳥
感冒啦太陽太大啦同太太吵架啦
理由多的是
這隻小鳥
不去尋找藉口
却把個早晨
唱成金色
擬人化在下面領域裡佔據了中央舞台:
雪仗
隨着一聲歡呼
一個滾圓的雪球
琅琅向妳
飛去
竟不偏不倚
落在妳
含苞待放的
笑靨上
詩人在聲音和情感之間架起的橋樑雖然平淡無奇,但在詩中卻顯得清新而明顯:
雨季
翻来覆去
總是那幾句話
滴滴答答
嘰嘰喳喳
而我們多巴望
一個暴雷
一聲斷喝
閉嘴!
在一首又一首詩中,我聽到我内心的聲音在低语:“是的,是的,你知道它在說什麼,你經歷過這一切。”
非馬架起了一座通向浪漫温柔鄉的橋樑:
共傘
共用一把傘
才發覺彼此的差距
但這樣我俯身吻你
因你努力踮起脚尖
而倍感欣喜
我們當中有誰没去過那裡?我們當中有誰不能想像這種親密的時刻?這是非馬天才的一部份。一刻成為一生的總結。凝聚詩中的力量。
在《無夢之夜》裡,幾乎没有重要的話題不被觸及。非馬對死亡的處理神秘而有效:
老婦
沙啞唱片
深深的
紋溝
在額上
一遍
又一遍
唱著
我要活
我要活
我要
我們對人造電源的依賴所造成的一個重大損失被彰顯在:
停電的夜晚
黑暗中
人們才突然發現
月亮
與星星的
存在
雖然這首〈停電的夜晚〉帶有一點關於現代生活必需品的諷刺意味,但對我這書評者来說,《無夢之夜》的永恒價值同其書名恰恰相反。這本影響深遠的詩集指向了一個長期被忽視的世界:一個被真理和愛所包裹的世界。
一些值得在白日裡夢想的东西。
書評作者簡介:邁寇•埃斯庫巴斯(Michael Escoubas)是有20多年歷史的文學和文化藝術在線詩雜誌《羽毛筆和羊皮紙》的高級編輯和書評人。
近年並專注於詩的理論與哲學的研究。他是五部詩集的作者。
原文鏈接:http://quillandparchment.com/archives/May2022/book3.html
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