Adolescents in their teenage years will experience many physiological, psychological, and social changes and challenges.
Physiologically, their bodies are undergoing changes including growth in height, weight, and sexual characteristics.
Psychologically, they may experience emotional fluctuations, formation of self-identity and values, exploration of sexual behavior and relationships, among others.
Socially, they may face various pressures and expectations in academics, career, and family. Additionally, adolescence may bring about some risky behaviors such as attempts to escape negative emotions, smoking, drinking, drug use, and sexual activity. Therefore, adolescents in their teenage years require support and guidance to help them navigate through this important stage.
an imbalance which appears to exist only during adolescence -- is essentially at odds with each other. This imbalance is behind the tendency that could lead to potentially dangerous behaviour, including drug use, harmful drinking, addiction, unsafe sex and risky driving, which may result in unintended injuries, violence and/or even premature death. Understanding how specific changes in brain function during development relate to behaviour is critically important for determining why some individuals engage in excessive risk-taking behaviour during adolescence
青春期的青年會經歷生理、心理和社會上的許多變化和挑戰。生理方面，他們的身體正在發生變化，包括身高、體重、性徵發育等。心理方面，他們可能會經歷情緒波動、自我認同和價值觀的形成、探索性行為和關係等。社會上，他們可能會面臨學業、職業和家庭等多種壓力和期望。此外，青春期還可能帶來一些風險行為，例如試圖逃避負面情緒的行為、吸菸、喝酒、吸毒、性行為等。因此，青春期的青年需要得到支持和指導，以幫助他們渡過這個重要的階段。
顯示青少年特有的行為可能是由前額葉皮質（PFC）和伏隔核（NAC）之間的活動不平衡所驅動的。前額葉皮質是涉及認知控制和抑制的大腦區域，而伏隔核則在尋求回報和成癮方面發揮著中心作用。
PFC低活性和NAC高活性的同時存在，這種不平衡在青春期似乎只存在。這種不平衡是導致可能帶來潛在危險行為的趨勢，包括吸毒、有害飲酒、成癮、不安全的性行為和危險駕駛，這可能會導致意外受傷、暴力甚至早逝
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