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thanksgiving

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Fourth Thursday in November
Almost every culture in the world has held celebrations of thanks for a plentiful harvest. The American Thanksgiving holiday began as a feast of thanksgiving in the early days of the American colonies almost four hundred years ago.
In 1620, a boat filled with more than one hundred people sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to settle in the New World(新大陆). This religious group had begun to question the beliefs of the Church of England and they wanted to separate from it. The Pilgrims settled in what is now the state of Massachusetts. Their first winter in the New World was difficult. They had arrived too late to grow many crops, and without fresh food, half the colony died from disease. The following spring the Iroquois Indians(美国纽约州东北部易洛魁族印第安人)taught them how to grow corn, a new food for the colonists. They showed them other crops to grow in the unfamiliar soil and how to hunt and fish.

In the autumn of 1621, bountiful crops of corn, barley(大麦), beans and pumpkins were harvested. The colonists had much to be thankful for, so a feast was planned. They invited the local Indian chief and 90 Indians. The Indians brought deer to roast with the turkeys and other wild game offered by the colonists. The colonists had learned how to cook cranberries and different kinds of corn and squash dishes from the Indians. To this first Thanksgiving, the Indians had even brought popcorn.

In following years, many of the original colonists celebrated the autumn harvest with a feast of thanks.

After the United States became an independent country, Congress recommended one yearly day of thanksgiving for the whole nation to celebrate. George Washington suggested the date November 26 as Thanksgiving Day. Then in 1863, at the end of a long and bloody civil war, Abraham Lincoln asked all Americans to set aside the last Thursday in November as a day of thanksgiving.

Thanksgiving falls on the fourth Thursday of November, a different date every year. The President must proclaim that date as the official celebration.

Thanksgiving is a time for tradition and sharing. Even if they live far away, family members gather for a reunion at the house of an older relative. All give thanks together for the good things that they have.

In this spirit of sharing, civic groups and charitable organizations offer a traditional meal to those in need, particularly the homeless. On most tables throughout the United States, foods eaten at the first thanksgiving have become traditional.

Symbols of Thanksgiving

Turkey, corn, pumpkins and cranberry sauce(酸果曼沙司)are symbols which represent the first Thanksgiving. Now all of these symbols are drawn on holiday decorations and greeting cards. The use of corn meant the survival of the colonies. "Indian corn" as a table or door decoration represents the harvest and the fall season.

Sweet-sour cranberry sauce, or cranberry jelly, was on the first Thanksgiving table and is still served today. The cranberry is a small, sour berry. It grows in bogs(沼泽), or muddy areas, in Massachusetts and other New England states. The Indians used the fruit to treat infections. They used the juice to dye their rugs and blankets. They taught the colonists how to cook the berries with sweetener(甜味佐料)and water to make a sauce. The Indians called it "ibimi" which means "bitter berry." When the colonists saw it, they named it "crane-berry" because the flowers of the berry bent the stalk over, and it resembled the long-necked bird called a crane. The berries are still grown in New England.

In 1988, a Thanksgiving ceremony of a different kind took place at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine. More than four thousand people gathered on Thanksgiving night. Among them were Native Americans representing tribes from all over the country and descendants of people whose ancestors had migrated to the New World.

The ceremony was a public acknowledgment of the Indians’ role in the first Thanksgiving 350 years ago. Until recently most schoolchildren believed that the Pilgrims cooked the entire Thanksgiving feast, and offered it to the Indians. In fact, the feast was planned to thank the Indians for teaching them how to cook those foods. Without the Indians, the first settlers would not have survived.
第四週四在十一月
幾乎每一種文化在世界上舉行了慶祝活動,感謝豐富的收穫。美國感恩節假期開始是一個盛宴的感恩節在成立之初,美國的殖民地近四百年前。
1620年,一艘裝滿了超過100人的一艘橫跨大西洋,以解決在新的世界(新大陸) 。這個宗教組已經開始質疑信仰的英國教會和他們想要脫離它。香客定居在現在的馬薩諸塞州。他們的第一個冬季,在新的世界是困難的。他們到達太遲成長許多作物,並沒有新鮮食物,一半的殖民地,死於疾病。以下春季易洛魁族人印度人(美國紐約州東北部易洛魁族印第安人) ,教他們如何種植玉米,一種新的食品為殖民者。他們出示了其他農作物的生長,在陌生的土壤,以及如何以狩獵和釣魚。

在今年秋季的1621年,富饒作物玉米,大麥(大麥) ,豆類和南瓜收穫。殖民主義者有許多東西心存感激,所以饗宴,是計劃中。它們邀請印度當地行政和90印度人。印度人帶來的鹿,以燒臘與火雞和其他野生遊戲所提供的各項殖民者。殖民主義者學會了如何烹調小紅莓和不同類型的玉米和南瓜菜從印度人。這個感恩節,印度人,甚至帶來的爆米花。

在隨後的幾年中,許多原來的殖民者慶祝秋收與宴的謝意。

繼美國之後,成為一個獨立的國家,國會的建議之一,每年感恩節,為全民族的喜慶。喬治華盛頓提議的日期11月26日為感恩節。然後在1863年,在去年底的一個漫長而血腥的內戰期間,林肯總統要求所有美國人都必須撥出上週四在十一月作為一個感恩節。

感恩節適逢第四個週四的11月,不同的日期,每年都。總統必須宣告日期作為官方慶祝。

感恩節是一個時間,為傳統和共享。即使他們生活相距遙遠,家庭成員聚會,親人團聚,在眾議院的一個老年人相對的。所有的感謝,共同為辦好事,他們有。

在此分享的精神,民間團體和慈善組織提供了一個傳統的膳食向有需要的人士,特別是無家可歸者。對大多數桌全美國範圍內,食品吃了在第一次感恩節已成為傳統。

象徵感恩節

土耳其,玉米,南瓜和蔓越莓醬(酸果曼沙司)的象徵,它代表了第一個感恩節。現在所有這些符號是吸取了節日裝飾和賀卡。利用玉米指的是生存的殖民地。 "印度玉米"作為一個表或門裝飾代表著豐收和秋天。

甜酸溜溜的蔓越莓汁,或蔓越莓果凍,是對第一次感恩節表,並仍在送達今天。該蔓越莓是一個很小的,酸漿果。它生長在沼澤(沼澤) ,或泥濘地區,在美國馬薩諸塞州和其他新英格蘭州。印度人用水果治療感染。他們用果汁,以染料及其地毯和毛毯。他們教導殖民主義者如何煮漿果與糖(甜味佐料)和水作醬。印度人稱之為" ibimi " ,意思是"痛苦的果實" 。當殖民者看來,他們命名為"鶴-漿果" ,是因為鮮花的漿果,搞秸稈過,它類似於長期長頸鳥稱為起重機。該漿果仍在成長,在新英格蘭地區。

在1988年,一個感恩節的一項儀式不同類型發生在大教堂的聖約翰神聖的。超過4000人聚集在感恩節夜晚。他們中的美洲原住民部落的代表來自全國各地的國家和子孫的人的祖先遷移到新的世界。

頒獎典禮是一個公開承認印第安人’的作用,在第一次感恩節350年前。直到最近,大多數學生認為,香客熟,整個感恩節大餐,並提供給印度人。事實上,在這個節日,是有計劃,以感謝印第安人為教導他們如何烹調這些食品。如果沒有印度人,第一批定居者不會活了下來。

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