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15個習慣,永保大腦靈活

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簡介:                                                                                                                                             
  忙碌的上班族,除了容易肩頸僵硬,接下去,就是腰痠背痛。常常,一坐就是一整天,背駝在那兒,下半身陷在椅子裏,回到家,才發現自己根本直不起腰來,或     
  者,背部出現陣陣痠痛。這時,除了疲倦,還有無奈,因為明天還有工作呢,休息也有限。                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                     
  康健雜誌編輯群特別推出《上班族不生病》特刊,提醒忙碌的上班族,為了不使自己早衰、過勞、健康惡化,從現在起,你一定要展開一個提振活力的健康計劃!     
                                                                                                                                                     
 15個習慣,永保大腦靈活

                                                                                                         
  有人問知名的神經學家斯默爾(Gary Sma! ll! )醫師:「年齡多大就太遲了?就算改變壞習慣,也不能保護自己的腦子了?」                                   
                                                                                                                                                     
  斯默爾醫師說,「請聽我大聲說明白:永遠不嫌晚,只要今天開始改善生活型態,就可以開始修復昨天的損傷。」                                               
                                                                                                                                                     
  為了保持大腦的青春,必須改變生活型態,這些生活型態不僅可以照顧大腦,多數也能維持體能強健,不僅你的身體,連你的大腦也會變年輕。                      
                                                                                                                                                      
 

1→ 細嚼慢嚥                                                                                                                                        
  日本神經內科醫學博士米山公啟說,老人家愈缺少健全牙齒,罹患失智症的比例愈高。因為咀嚼時,大腦皮質! 區! 的血液循環量會增加,而且咀嚼也會激發腦神經的 
  活動。                                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                                     
  2→ 曬太陽                                                                                                                                          
  台中榮總老人身心科? D? 籊籊}珍建議,預防失智要多外出走走曬太陽。因為陽光能促進神經生長因子,像「長頭髮」一樣,使神經纖維增長。現在已經有專家研究曬 
  太陽的量是否與失智症的發展有關,雖暫無定論,但每天接受陽光照射,至少能形成較好的睡眠模式,比較不容易憂鬱。                                         
                                                                                                                                                     
  3→ 列清單                                                                                                                                          
  「無論任何年紀,健全記憶運作關鍵都在於注意力,」美國紐約西奈山醫學院記憶增強計劃執行主 任史威爾 醫師說。他建議,藉由列下工作清單,將每日工作設立一
  個嚴格的程序,無論工作困難與否,都能幫助有效完成工作。所以你可以試試規定自己中午11點半才讀E-mail,或是直到工作完成到某一個程度才回覆一些較不緊急的 
  電話,或是付完帳? 做別的事。                                                                                                                   
                

4 吃早餐                                                                                                                                          

  吃早餐不僅為了健康,也為了大腦。                                                                                                                   

                                                                                                                                                     

  過去常有人說小孩沒吃早餐上課無法專心,這是對的。因為大腦不具有儲存葡萄糖的構造,隨時需要供應熱量。經過一夜,大腦的血糖濃度偏低,如果不供應熱量,你 

  會想睡、容易激動,也難以學習新知。                                                                                                                  

                                                                                                                                                      

  5 開車繫安全帶,騎車戴安全帽                                                                                                                      

  頭骨雖然很硬,腦卻很軟。無論年紀老少,腦傷對一生影響極大。你開車時不繫安全帶或邊講手機嗎?請戒掉腦傷風險的行為,也避免會重創腦部的運動。           

                                                                                                                                                      

  6 做家事                                                                                                                                           

  別小看做家事,做家事不僅要用腦規劃工作次序,也要安排居家空間。                                                                                     

                                                                                                                                                      

  曬棉被、衣服需要伸展身體,使用吸塵器也會使用到下半身肌肉。只要運用肌肉,便會使用到大腦額葉的運動區。況且,將骯髒油膩的碗盤洗乾淨、將髒亂房間整理清 

  潔,成就感的刺激,也能為大腦帶來快感。                                                                                                             

                                                                                                                                                      

  7 多喝水                                                                                                                                           

  大腦有八成是水,只要缺水都會妨礙思考。臨床神經科學家、精神科醫師亞蒙(Daneil G. Amen)曾經掃瞄過一位知名的健美先生,他的腦部影像很像毒癮患者,但他 

  激烈否認。後來得知他拍照前為了看起來瘦一點,曾大量失水,而掃瞄的前一天他才剛拍照。後來經過水分補充後,腦部的影像看起來正常多了。                   

                                                                                                                                                      

  8 跟人笑笑打招呼                                                                                                                                  

  主動和別人打招呼吧。卓良珍主任認為,打招呼不但有人際互動,降低憂鬱症的風險,而且為了主動打招呼,要記住對方的人名與外型特徵,也能提高自己的腦力。   

                                                                                                                                                     

  9 每週走一條新路                                                                                                                                   

  打破舊習、嘗試不熟悉的事可以激發短期記憶,建立大腦解讀訊息的能力。例如嘗試改變每天從家裡走到車站的路線或是改變每天下車的車站,嘗試早一站或晚一站下 

  車,或改變每天坐車的時間,單是做這項,就能對前額葉產生刺激。                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                     

  10! 健走                                                                                                                                         

  身體懶得動對大腦很辛苦。有氧運動最好,可以使心跳加速,而且有些動作需要協調四肢可以活化小腦,促進思考,提高認知和資訊處理的速度。                   

                                                                                                                                                      

  有氧運動很簡單! ! 穿起球鞋出門健走即可。美國伊利諾大學研究發現,只要每週健走3次、每次50分鐘就能使思考敏捷。                                      

                                                                                                                                                     

  11 深呼吸                                                                                                                                          

  當你很焦慮時,做什麼都難。美國清晰大腦(sharpen brains)網站負責人芙喃達茲(Alvaro Fernandezs)提供一個取巧的冥想法:閉上眼睛、大拇指按小拇指,想像

  運動後美好的感覺,深呼吸30秒。然後大拇指按無名指,想像任何你喜歡的事物30秒,然後再按中指回想一個受關愛的時刻30秒,最後按食指回想一個美麗的地方30   

  秒。                                                                                                                                                

                                                                                                                                                      

  12 看電視少於1小時                                                                                                                                

  看電視通常不需要用到腦,所以愈少這麼做愈好。                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                     

  在網路上測試29千多人的長期記憶與短期記憶,發現記憶力較好的人每天看電視的時間少於1小時。                                           

                                                                                                                                                     

  13 吃葉酸和維生素B12                                                                                                                               

  這兩種! ! 生素可以控制血液中會傷害大腦的同半胱胺酸。瑞士的研究發現,23060歲以上的人攝取這兩種維生素過低,罹患失智症的機率是適量攝取的人的4倍。 

                                                                                                                                                      

  富含葉酸的食物如四季豆、蘆筍等,維生素B12如鮭魚、沙丁魚等。但維生素B12多存在葷食中,素食者要特別補充維他命。                                       

                                                                                                                                                      

  14 吃香喝辣                                                                                                                                       

  吃咖哩可以預防失智,因為咖哩中的薑黃素是一種高效能的抗氧化劑,可以抑制氧化作用傷害細胞,還能預防腦細胞突觸消失。                                    

  薑黃不只用在咖哩,也用於抹在熱狗上的黃芥末。                                                                                                       

                                                                                                                                                      

  15 每天用牙線                                                                                                                                     

  美國研究發現,牙齦炎、牙周病和晚年認知功能障礙有關。所以,聽 從牙 醫師的建議,每天都要用牙線,每次刷牙的時間至少超過2分鐘。                         

                                                                                                                                                     

 

 

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