缺氧ing...無法思考...應該說是無法用腦= ="
早知道不要答應的那麼快了...
(一)Restoration(買地復育)
By purchasing land throughout the spill region, the Trustee Council ensured that key habitats for injured species would not be further damaged by extensive development or logging, serious threats at the time of the spill. The Trustee Council felt that in an already spill impacted environment, purchasing land could go a long way toward allowing the ecosystem to recover.
The Trustee Council has dedicated nearly 60 percent of available settlement funds镥ver $400 million--for habitat protection in the spill region.
The habitat protection program is split into two programs based on the sizes of the land purchases.
Large Parcel Program
The goal of the Large Parcel Program (generally parcels over 1,000 acres) is to protect key habitats for injured species throughout the spill region. Lands are protected through a creative series of conservation easements, timber easements, and fee simple acquisitions.
Small Parcel Program
The Small Parcel Program (generally parcels of 1,000 acres or less) deals with strategically located habitats, usually located on coves, along important stretches of river, or adjacent to valuable tidelands. They are often close to spill area communities or within already protected areas, such as refuges and parks. These lands are acquired for their habitat qualities as well as their importance for subsistence and recreational use.
(二)投入資金進行海洋研究以達有效永久的復育？
In 1994, the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council set its sights high when it established its mission to restore Prince William Sound and the Gulf of Alaska to the "healthy, productive, world-renowned ecosystem" that existed before the spill. In doing so, the Trustee Council recognized that, in most cases, if protected from harm, injured species will recover on their own. Instead of direct intervention, such as rearing and releasing seabirds, the Trustee Council focused mostly on knowledge and stewardship as the best tools for fostering the long-term health of the marine ecosystem.
The Trustee Council has dedicated about 40 percent of the available funds or $285 million to funding one of the largest marine science efforts in the world.
A scientific program of this magnitude has resulted in a leap in knowledge about the marine environment on which all Alaskans depend. A better understanding of the ecosystem, along with significant improvements in the tools fish and wildlife managers use to evaluate populations, means better decisions for the health of those populations and the people who depend on them.
(三)義工幫動物清洗油污…吧= =
How were the oiled birds and sea otters cleaned?
A professional team and dozens of volunteers, including veterinarians, set up a cleaning facility and recovery facility. Dawn dishwashing detergent was the cleaning agent of choice.
(四)是復育資金吧
Research, Monitoring, General Restoration $170.5 million
Surveys and other monitoring of fish and wildlife in the spill region provide basic information to determine population trends, productivity, and health. Research increases our knowledge about the biological needs of individual species and how each contributes to the Gulf of Alaska ecosystem. Research also provides new information and better tools for effective management of fish and wildlife populations.
General Restoration includes projects to protect archaeological resources, improve subsistence resources, enhance salmon streams, reduce marine pollution, and restore damaged habitats.
Habitat Protection $406.2 million
Protection of habitat helps prevent additional injury to species due to intrusive development or loss of habitat. The Trustee Council accomplishes this by providing funds to government agencies to acquire title or conservation easements on land important for its restoration value.
Restoration Reserve $145.1 million
This savings account was established in recognition that full recovery from the oil spill would not occur for decades. The investment fund will support long-term restoration activities after the final payment from Exxon is spent in October 2002. The fund is expected to be worth approximately $120 million by that time.
Public Information, Science Management & Administration $30.7 million
This component of the budget includes management of the annual work plan and habitat programs, scientific oversight of research, monitoring and restoration projects, agency coordination, and overall administrative costs. It also includes the cost of public meetings, newsletters and other means of disseminating information to the public.
(五)GEM阿拉斯加海灣生態系統監測調查計畫
GEM Program
Imagine a marine research program in one of the world旧 most productive ecosystems that had indefinite, guaranteed funding. This is the Gulf of Alaska Ecosystem Monitoring and Research (GEM) program, a long-term commitment to gathering information about the physical and biological components that make up a world-renowned marine ecosystem. What makes GEM unique is that it incorporates interagency cooperation and collaboration, public involvement and accessible, informative data and information on the Gulf of Alaska ecosystem.
Why GEM?
The northern Gulf of Alaska is one of the world旧 most productive ecosystems. Biological production in the gulf provides hundreds of millions of dollars annually in income from the seafood, recreation and tourism industries, as well as the subsistence resources on which many Alaskans depend. The gulf contains 25 species of marine mammals, 26 species of seabirds and 287 known species of fish, and the surrounding area is home to more than half of Alaska旧 human population. Ultimately, it is our understanding of the Gulf of Alaska and our ability to share information that will determine the future of the gulf ecosystem and the human activities that depend on it. To continue these activities into the future, we must be able to detect environmental change and distinguish between human-caused impacts and natural forces.
我討厭英文>"<
@#$^*&......
先睡了...早上再繼續吧...半夜在日記上自言自語很有趣
但我想我睡醒後看到這篇會覺得更有趣~"~|||
大傳寶寶們加油~
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