per vert
pervert
verb [ T ] disapproving
UK /pəˈvɜːt/ US /pɚˈvɝːt/
to change something so that it is not what it was or should be, or to influence someone in a harmful way
侵害；歪曲；使走上邪路，使變壞
Her ideas have been shamelessly perverted to serve the president's propaganda campaign.
為了配合總統的宣傳活動，她的想法被無恥地曲解了。
The history teacher tried to pervert (= persuade into unacceptable sexual activity) the boys by showing them pornographic magazines.
這名歷史教師給男學生看色情雜誌，想引他們走上歧途。
pervert the course of justice LAW
to act illegally to avoid punishment or to get the wrong person punished
妨礙司法公正，枉法
The two police officers were charged with perverting the course of justice by fabricating evidence in the trial.
兩名警官因在審判中偽造證據，被控妨礙司法公正。
per vert
noun [ C ] disapproving
UK /ˈpɜː.vɜːt/ US /ˈpɝː.vɝːt/
(UK informal perv)
a person whose sexual behaviour is considered strange and unpleasant by most people
性行為反常者，性變態者
pre clude
preclude
verb [ T ] formal
UK /prɪˈkluːd/ US /prəˈkluːd/
to prevent something or make it impossible, or prevent someone from doing something
排除，防止，杜絕；阻礙
His contract precludes him from discussing his work with anyone outside the company.
合約中禁止他與公司外的人談論工作。
The fact that your application was not successful this time does not preclude the possibility of you applying again next time.
這次應徵失敗並不妨礙你下次再來應徵。
procure
procure
verb formal
UK /prəˈkjʊər/ US /prəˈkjʊr/
[ T ]
to get something, especially after an effort
（努力）取得，獲得
She's managed somehow to procure his phone number.
她不知用了甚麼方法，弄到了他的電話號碼。
[ + two objects ] He'd procured us seats in the front row.
他幫我們弄到了前排的座位。
=======================================
radiate
radiate
verb
UK /ˈreɪ.di.eɪt/ US /ˈreɪ.di.eɪt/
radiate verb (PRODUCE HEAT/LIGHT)
[ I or T ]
to produce heat and/or light, or (of heat or light) to be produced
（使熱或光）輻射，放射，發散
The planet Jupiter radiates twice as much heat from inside as it receives from the Sun.
木星內部散發出的熱量是它吸收太陽熱量的兩倍。
A single beam of light radiated from the lighthouse.
一束光從燈塔射出。
radiate verb (EXPRESS)
[ I or T ]
to show an emotion or quality, or (of an emotion or quality) to be shown or felt
流露；顯示；煥發
He was radiating joy and happiness.
他顯得快樂而又幸福。
Enthusiasm was radiating from her.
她熱情洋溢。
radiate verb (SPREAD)
[ I + adv/prep ]
to spread out in all directions from a central point
從中心散開；呈輻射狀發出
Flows of lava radiated out from the volcano's crater.
滾滾熔岩從火山口流向四面八方。
Just before the breeding season, these birds radiate outwards to warmer climates.
每當繁殖季節即將來臨，這些鳥飛向四面八方，遷徙到氣候較溫暖的地帶。
refur bish
https://www.kerovit.com/blog/lets-renovate-5-signs-its-time-to-refurbish-your-bathroom/
verb [ T ] formal (DIY)
UK /ˌriːˈfɜː.bɪʃ/ US /ˌriːˈfɝː.bɪʃ/
to make a building look new again by doing work such as painting, repairing, and cleaning
再裝修；整修；把…翻新
The developers refurbished the house inside and out.
開發商把這座房子裡外翻修一新。
repeal
repeal
verb [ T ]
UK /rɪˈpiːl/ US /rɪˈpiːl/
If a government repeals a law, it causes that law no longer to have any legal force.
廢除，廢止，撤銷（法律）
resell
reset
restart
retard
retard
verb [ T ] formal
UK /rɪˈtɑːd/ US /rɪˈtɑːrd/
to make something slower
阻礙；減緩
A rise in interest rates would severely retard economic growth.
利率提高會嚴重阻礙經濟發展。
retard
noun [ C ] offensive
UK /ˈriː.tɑːd/ US /ˈriː.tɑːrd/
a stupid or mentally slow person
智力遲鈍者；弱智；笨蛋
I'm not playing with him, he's a total retard.
我才不跟他玩呢，他整個一大笨蛋。
reunite
reunite
verb [ T ]
UK /ˌriː.juːˈnaɪt/ US /ˌriː.juːˈnaɪt/
to bring people together again
使重新結合；使再聯合；使重聚
to reunite a divided family/country/world
使離散的家庭重聚／統一分裂的國家／團結世界各國
Sarah was finally reunited with her children at the airport.
莎拉最後終於在機場和她的孩子們再度團聚。
recourse
recourse
noun [ U ] formal
UK /rɪˈkɔːs/ US /ˈriː.kɔːrs/
using something or someone as a way of getting help, especially in a difficult or dangerous situation
（尤指在艱難或危險的情況下）依靠，依賴，求助
It is hoped that the dispute will be settled without recourse to litigation.
人們希望這場爭端能夠不透過對簿公堂在私下解決。
re fe ren dum
referendum
https://www.parliament.nz/en/get-involved/features/referendum-on-the-electoral-system/
noun [ C ] formal
UK /ˌref.əˈren.dəm/ US /ˌref.əˈren.dəm/
plural referendums or formal referenda (formal plebiscite)
C2
a vote in which all the people in a country or an area are asked to give their opinion about or decide an important political or social question
（就重大政治或社會問題進行的）全民公決，全民公投
Is it more democratic to hold a referendum, rather than let the government alone decide?
進行一次全民公決，而不是由政府自己作出決定，是不是要更民主些？
更多範例
A nationwide referendum will be held to decide the issue.
The opposition are demanding a referendum on the issue.
A referendum was held on the question of whether the U.K. should remain a member of the European Community.
The proposed referendum is consultative only and is not binding on Parliament.
There has been much debate over the exact wording of the referendum.
=======================================
therapeutic
therapeutic
adjective ( 自然療法)
UK /ˌθer.əˈpjuː.tɪk/ US /ˌθer.əˈpjuː.t̬ɪk/
C1
causing someone to feel happier and more relaxed or to be more healthy
治療的；有療效的；有益健康的
I find gardening very therapeutic.
我發現園藝非常有益健康。
heal、cure、treat 傻傻分不清楚
heal
首先來看這個字。 heal 為動詞，可以指外傷「癒合」，或者心理傷痛「痊癒」。而 heal 比較著重在中間的「進程」，就像影片中提到的 healing process，表示「療傷過程；癒合過程」。再來看幾個例句：
When a cut is healing, you will feel a bit itchy.（傷口在癒合時，你會覺得有點癢。）
Childhood trauma usually takes a long time to heal.（童年創傷通常都需要很長的一段時間才會好起來。）
cure
而相對地，cure 當動詞時，雖然也能解釋成「治癒、治好」，但這個字通常會搭配內科疾病，例如：
Allergies cannot be cured; they can only be reduced or relieved.（過敏是沒辦法治好的；只能減輕或緩解。）
Short-sightedness can now be cured by laser surgery.（近視現在可以透過雷射手術來根治。）
cure 也可當名詞「治癒；療法」，例如：
There is no known cure for Parkinson's disease.（帕金森氏症目前還沒有辦法治癒。）
treat
根據朗文英英字典，treat 的意思是 to try to cure an illness or injury by using drugs, hospital care, operations, etc，也就是說 treat 是指透過各種方法「試著治癒」病人，而且疾病和外傷都可以使用。那麼同學要注意，treat 的主詞會是醫生或藥物，如果用病人當主詞，記得要使用被動式唷。例如：
Many doctors tend to treat patients with steroids.（很多醫生常用類固醇治療病人。）
The kitten hit by a car is being treated for its injuries.（那隻被車撞的小貓正在接受傷口治療。）
treatment 則為名詞「治療方法；療程」。例如：
There are several treatments for cancer, such as chemotherapy and targeted therapy.（癌症有很多種治療方式，像是化療和標靶治療。）
We hope that the new antibody treatment can help beat COVID-19.（我們希望新的抗體治療方法可以協助戰勝新冠肺炎。）
好啦！看了這麼多例句，不曉得大家有沒有比較清楚這三個字的差別呢？以後別再用錯囉！
藥物有哪些說法？
說到「藥物」，通常第一個想到的單字是drug (n)，常見用法如anti-cancer drug「抗癌藥物」、fertility drug「排卵藥物（治療不孕用）」等。除了形容藥物，drug還有另外一個大家熟悉的意思就是「毒品」，如drug dealer「毒販」、drug addiction「藥物／毒品成癮」。
藥物還可用medication來形容，基本上指的是用來治療疾病的藥物。因此，去看醫生時經常會聽到醫生詢問Are you currently taking any medications?（目前是否有在服用任何藥物？」
We might need to change the medication Mr. Norris is currently taking. It doesn’t seem to be effective.
（我們可能需要替Mr. Norris換掉他目前服用的藥物，這個藥似乎沒那麼有效。）
治療疾病或症狀的medication 基本上有兩大類，一種是不需要醫囑在藥局即可購買的「非處方藥」over-the-counter medications（簡稱OTC），而另一種是需要醫生開立的處方簽 prescription (n)，動詞即是prescribe (v)「配藥」。去藥局拿藥可以用fill a prescription「按處方抓藥」，除了藥物外，在國外就連配眼鏡也是需要有醫生的prescription。
The doctor prescribed a stronger painkiller for her migraine.
（醫生為她的偏頭痛開了一劑比較強效的止痛藥。）
Your ID might be required when you fill your prescription for the first time.
（當你第一次去拿藥時，可能需要出示身分證。）
pill「藥丸／藥錠」經常用在sleeping pill「安眠藥」，美式英語中的the pill常指「避孕藥」。我們經常看到不同形式或形狀的藥，常見的兩種形式如tablet「錠」和capsule「膠囊」。此外，在臨床試驗中為了證實藥物的療性通常會分為實驗組與對照組，實驗組服用藥物，而對照組用的則為「安慰劑」placebo (n)，外觀和試驗用藥完全相同，但並不具備藥物的成分。
treatment、therapy、remedy差別在哪？
而「治療／療法」在英文上也可用不同的字，最簡單就是treatment (n)，動詞為treat。
The doctor is looking for another way to treat her chronic illness.
（醫生正在尋找另一種方法來治療她的慢性病。）
The treatment was proven quite effective during the clinical trial.
（這項療法在臨床試驗中被證明非常有效。）
除了treatment之外，也可以用therapy或remedy來形容，例如physical therapy「物理治療」。但therapy通常用來強調「身體和心理上的治療」，不使用藥物或手術等醫療手段的療程，在多益測驗中也經常出現。
The rehabilitation center provides patients with different physical therapies for relieving their pains and stiffness.
（康復中心為病患提供不同的物理治療來減緩他們的疼痛和僵硬。）
John is using herbal remedies for his injuries.
（John正在使用草藥治療他的傷勢。）
remedy除了形容「治療某種疾病的有效方法」，也可引申為「解決問題的方法」。
Some people use shopping as a remedy for their personal problems.
（有些人用購物來解決他們的個人問題。）
cast
你沒看錯！cast 這個字除了卡司的意思之外，也有「石膏」的意思唷，很酷吧！「打石膏」的英文叫做「have + 部位 + in a cast」，來看個例子：
I have had my left leg in a cast for a month. It’s unbearably itchy!（我的左腿已經打石膏一個月了。癢到快受不了啦！）
sling
sling 這個字有吊帶、背帶的意思，那麼用在包紮上，就是指「三角巾」喔。想要表達「綁三角巾」，如果是以人為主詞，可以寫成 wear a sling；若是以傷臂為主詞，則使用 in a sling。例如：
Kathy has a clavicle fracture and needs to wear a sling for six to eight weeks.（Kathy 鎖骨骨折了，所以得綁著三角巾六到八個禮拜。）
cane / crutches
這個字大家應該不陌生吧？cane 為「手杖」，聖誕節會吃的拐杖糖就叫做 candy cane 啦！「拄著拐杖」的英文很簡單，也就是在動作後面加上帶有附加狀態功能的 with，寫成 with a cane，例如：
That old woman basically uses her cane to do everything. She walks with it, presses emergency buttons in the MRT with it, and even hits her grandson with it.（那個老婦人基本上做任何事都用拐杖。她拄著拐杖走路、用拐杖按捷運裡的緊急呼叫鈕，甚至還用拐杖打她的孫子。）
至於架在兩邊腋下的那種拐杖，則叫做 crutch，因為一次會使用兩支，所以經常使用複數型的 crutches 。「拄著拐杖」的英文是 on crutches，來看些例子：
Tina is struggling to walk on crutches with her head sweating.（Tina 滿頭大汗，費力地拄著拐杖走路。）
wheelchair
如果嚴重的話，就得坐輪椅啦。輪椅的英文為 wheelchair，而「坐輪椅」就是 in a wheelchair 啦！來看個例子：
Steven tripped and fell down the stairs the other day. That’s why he is now in a wheelchair.（Steven 前幾天絆倒，從樓梯上摔下來。這就是為什麼他現在得坐輪椅。）
另外，「無障礙通道」的英文為 wheelchair access，例如：
The legislator points out that the new stadium doesn’t have wheelchair access at both entrances.（立法委員指出，那棟新建的體育館並沒有在兩個入口設置無障礙通道。）
bandage / Band-Aid
「繃帶」的英文叫做 bandage，而「纏繃帶」就叫做「wind / wrap a bandage around + 部位」，例如：
Boxers wrap bandages around their hands to prevent wrist pain.（拳擊手在手上纏繃帶，避免手腕疼痛。）
如果想要特別指明是 OK 繃而不是繃帶，可以使用 Band-Aid 這個字。「貼 OK 繃」則會搭配 apply to 這個動詞片語唷，來看個例子：
The shoes don't fit, so I need to apply Band-Aids to my heels.（這雙鞋不合腳，所以我需要在腳後跟貼 OK 繃。）
讓我們先來分析單字“therapy”和“treatment”的區別。首先，“therapy”用來強調“身體和心理上的治療”，多指“病人初愈後，以改善身體整體狀況為目的而開展的一系列療程”，通常不使用藥物或手術等醫療手段，這一點與“treatment”不同。比如，包含“therapy”的單字“physiotherapy”的意思是“理療”。我們來聽幾個例句。
Examples
When you are feeling a little run-down, try booking yourself a massage therapy session.
當你感到疲憊不堪時，可以考慮給自己安排一個按摩療程。
They say that music therapy can help people who suffer from stress.
人們說，音樂療法可以幫助人們緩解心理壓力。
Ever since that traumatic experience, he had been attending group therapy sessions regularly.
自那次痛苦的經歷過後，他就開始定期地參加小組治療。
The doctor suggested physiotherapy for his sprained muscles.
醫生建議他通過物理療法治療扭傷的肌肉。
Feifei
我們還可以使用搭配“retail therapy 購物療法”來幽默地表示“通過買東西來排解心理壓力和憂慮的方式”。請聽例句。
Example
Rita loves shopping. She always says there’s nothing that retail therapy can’t fix.
麗塔特別喜歡逛街。她總是說，沒有什麼事情是“購物療法”解決不了的。
Feifei
在談論和醫療有關的話題時，名詞“treatment”同樣也可譯成“治療”，它的動詞形式是“treat”，強調“用藥物等醫治人、動物的過程及方法”。讓我們來聽幾個例句。
Examples
Experts are discussing which treatment will work best on the patient.
專家在商討，哪一種療法對這名患者最有效。
Scientists think this new drug could be used in the treatment of cancer.
科學家認為這種新藥可以被用于癌症的治療。
Early diagnosis and treatment are key to a successful recovery.
提早發現病症並及時治療是成功恢複健康的關鍵。
Many people in poverty-stricken areas cannot afford medical treatment.
很多生活在貧困地區的人們沒有足夠的錢來接受醫療服務。
Feifei
除此之外，我們還會用“treatment”來表示“清潔、護理、保養”的過程。比如，“beauty treatment 美容護理”。請聽例句。
Example
The spa offers a variety of beauty treatments including facials, manicures and pedicures.
這個水療中心提供多種美容服務，包括面部、指甲和足部護理。
Feifei
最後，單字“remedy”的意思是“治療某種疾病的有效方法”，也被引申為“解決某個問題、困難的辦法”。“Remedy”後面接介係詞“for”，組成搭配“the remedy for something”，意思是“治療…的辦法”或“解決…的方法”。請聽兩個例句。
Examples
The best remedy for fatigue is a good night’s sleep.
治療疲勞最有效的方法是睡個好覺。
I am afraid there’s no remedy for your troubles.
我覺得可能沒有解決你問題的辦法。
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surveillance
surveillance
noun [ U ]
UK /səˈveɪ.ləns/ US /sɚˈveɪ.ləns/
the careful watching of a person or place, especially by the police or army, because of a crime that has happened or is expected
（尤指員警或軍隊的）監視，盯梢
The police have kept the nightclub under surveillance because of suspected illegal drug activity.
這家夜總會因涉嫌非法毒品活動而被警方監視。
More banks are now installing surveillance cameras.
現在更多的銀行開始安裝監視錄影機。
brewery
brewery
noun [ C ]
UK /ˈbrʊə.ri/ US /ˈbrʊr.i/
a company that makes beer or a place where beer is made
啤酒公司；啤酒廠
expulsion
expulsion
noun [ C or U ]
UK /ɪkˈspʌl.ʃən/ US /ɪkˈspʌl.ʃən/
expulsion noun [C or U] (MAKE LEAVE) get out
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_Garden_of_Eden
https://www.worldhistory.org/image/12754/temptation--expulsion-from-paradise-sistine-chapel/
(the act of) forcing someone, or being forced, to leave a school, organization, or country
驅逐，趕走；開除
They threatened him with expulsion from school.
他們威脅要把他從學校開除。
This is the second expulsion of a club member this year.
這是今年俱樂部第二次開除成員了。
expulsion noun [C or U] (AIR/LIQUID)
(the act of) forcing air or liquid out of something
呼出；排出；噴出
incumbent
incumbent
noun [ C ]
UK /ɪnˈkʌm.bənt/ US /ɪnˈkʌm.bənt/
the person who has or had a particular official position
現任者，在職者
the first/last/previous incumbent
第一任／上一任／前任
The present incumbent (of the post) is due to retire next month.
（此職位的）現任者將於下個月退休。
impediment
impediment
noun [ C ] formal 路障
UK /ɪmˈped.ɪ.mənt/ US /ɪmˈped.ə.mənt/
something that makes progress, movement, or achieving something difficult or impossible
妨礙，阻礙；阻止
In a number of developing countries, war has been an additional impediment to progress.
在一些發展中國家，戰爭成了發展的另一阻礙。
overalls
noun [ plural ]
UK /ˈəʊ.vər.ɔːlz/ US /ˈoʊ.vɚ.ɑːlz/
https://www.gq.com/gallery/overalls-for-men
UK
(US coveralls)
a piece of clothing that covers both the upper and lower parts of the body and is worn especially over other clothes to protect them
工作服；防護服
She put on some overalls and got out a tin of paint.
她穿上工作服，取出一桶油漆。
US
(UK dungarees)
a pair of trousers with an extra piece of cloth that covers the chest and is held in place by a strap over each shoulder
背帶褲，工裝褲
transact
transact
verb [ T ] formal
UK /trænˈzækt/ US /trænˈzækt/
to do and complete a business activity
做（生意）；辦理（業務）
The sale was transacted in conditions of the greatest secrecy.
這筆交易是在極其保密的狀態下進行。
fund raising
fundraising
noun [ U ]
UK /ˈfʌndˌreɪ.zɪŋ/ US /ˈfʌndˌreɪ.zɪŋ/
the act of collecting or producing money for a particular purpose, especially for a charity
募捐；（尤指）慈善捐款
The dinner is a fundraising event for the museum.
這次晚宴是博物館的一次募捐活動。
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