再生能源影片翻譯
有兩段影片已經由恩吉歐美麗的實習生佳蓁翻譯好囉! 請大家幫忙看一下需不需要再潤飾, 沒問題我們再上中文字幕
https://ellacf.hackpad.com/qCPex0qZDRb
以下為準備翻譯的影片 (可以幫忙翻的人直接動筆喔！)
右下方有快速選單
from: https://ellacf.hackpad.com/qCPex0qZDRb
- 等待確認: What's next? Fear and hope
0:16
thank you it's great to be here. I'm going to start
感謝各位，很高興來到這邊，我準備要開始了
0:20
out by making you depressed and then we're gonna switch to optimism
我打算一開始先使各位沮喪，接著再轉換成樂觀的氛圍
0:25
but I want to talk about it's first the trend
但我想先談論
0:27
in Energy and Climate Change especially in climate change that should have you
關於能源及氣候變遷，特別是你們感到緊張的氣候變遷
0:31
very nervous there much worse than most people realize. Then there're these fantastic
其實比大多數人想像的還要嚴重。接著談論到一些很棒的
0:36
opportunities
機會
0:37
new technologies that are actually growing at unbelievable speeds
新科技以難以置信的速度在成長
0:40
and then finally to talk about the difference
最後談論
0:44
between business as usual trends which are terrible and the possibilities which
以往糟糕的商業趨勢
0:47
quite bright and what we need to do to capture this, the difference.
和光明可能性之間的差別，以及我們須掌握的差異。
0:51
I'm an engineer so start with a graph in this is a graph
我是一名工程師，因此我將以這個
0:54
have temperatures in america and like any normal distribution graph
美國氣溫的圖表來講解。如同一般均溫圖表的分布狀況
0:59
you have a third of your years her cooler than normal a third normal
一年有三分之一的月份氣溫低於均溫，三分之一溫度在均溫左右
1:04
and a third are warmer than normal house
三分一的月份則氣溫暖於均溫
1:08
climate scientist talk about average shifts in temperature because that's an easy way to measure things
氣象學家談論平均氣溫變化，因其是簡單的測量方法
1:12
but turns out that's not what matters. What matters is extremes
但發現那並不是真正重要的，真正重要的是極端情況
1:16
so watch what happens in the real world
透過NASA的數據來看看真實世界發生了什麼
1:19
this is all using nasa data and as you can see
如你所見
1:23
the entire band of temperatures has moved to the warmer
整個溫度的波段已移向較暖的一側
1:27
side the consequence is that what we used to have one third
顯示結果是，過去我們一年有三分之一的時間低於均溫
1:30
cooler one-third than normal one-third warmer than normal temperatures
三分之一暖於均溫
1:34
we now have one-out-of-twelve years is cooler than normal
但我們現在僅有一個月氣溫低於均溫
1:37
one out of six is normal
兩個月均溫
1:42
Four sixth are warmer than normal and one-out-of-twelve are extreme
八個月高於均溫，一個月氣溫極端
1:45
and it turns out that those extreme temperatures that drive
最終演變成極端氣溫驅動了我們
1:49
experiences and indeed our ability to sustain the planet
支持地球的經驗及能力
1:53
let me show you what extreme temperatures look like
讓我展示極端氣候看起來是怎麼樣
1:55
last year two-thirds of America suffered a drought and in some states like Texas
去年美國有三分之二的地區面臨乾旱
2:01
it was the worst drought since the Dust Bowl
如德州即因沙塵暴面臨最嚴重的乾旱
2:02
car production was down by almost 30 percent
汽車製造減少了將近百分之三十
2:06
this is a farmer in illinois who's not having a good year
這是一位在伊利諾州的農夫，他面對了難過的一年
2:09
Many of you remember two months ago in Colorado
你們還記得兩個月前在科羅拉多州
2:13
they got an entire year's worth the rain in two days
兩天內下了等同於年雨量的雨
2:17
That’s extreme that’s what weather’s extremes are and we are not equipped to handle those
這就是極端，氣候極端。
2:20
has exchanged
我們並不具備能力去處理這種極端狀況
2:21
And that's not just us. More than half Bangladesh
而且不只是我們。
2:25
A country of 150 million people has been underwater
擁有一億五千萬人口的孟加拉有一半的土地在水面下
2:28
a year ago
一年前
2:31
two-thirds of thailand's counties were under water that’s extreme
weather
三分之二的泰國鄉村在水面下，這也是極端氣候
2:36
it's been apocalyptic in Australia early this year
今年早些時候，澳洲大難臨頭
2:40
the average temperature on the entire continent
全洲平均氣溫是106度華氏
2:43
was a 106 degrees in some places it was over 120 degrees
在某些地方超過了120度華氏
2:48
two-thirds of a million acres burned in Australia this is what an extreme
澳洲約六十六萬英畝被焚燒
2:53
temperature looks like
這就是極端氣候的樣子
2:54
hurricane sandy was just over a year ago where r thinking about the anniversary
颶風珊迪距離現在一年
2:58
72,000 homes and businesses in New Jersey
紐澤西72000戶家庭及企業被破壞
3:01
were destroyed it was a thousand kilometer wide storm
它是個一千公里寬的風暴
3:04
you think were quick to deal with things we are not equipped to deal with extreme weather
你覺得我們處理很快? 我們並不具備處理極端氣候的能力
3:09
and it's physically impossible to deal with extreme weather in some circumstances
在某些情況是物理上不可能去處理極端氣候的問題
3:13
we're looking at about a meter sea level rise this year
今年我們看到將近一公尺的海平面上升
3:17
within two hundred years 150 years probably, miami's uninhabitable you
can't
兩百年之內，也許一百五十年，邁阿密將無法居住
3:22
put a sea wall around Miami
你無法在邁阿密周圍建造海堤
3:23
because is permeable limestone so we're changing things pretty dramatically now
因為是具滲透性的石灰石，我們現在正劇烈的改變週遭事物
3:28
we're not done depressing you
讓你鬱悶的還不只這些
3:29
this is the other side
另一方面來看
3:32
exchange we've lost the cold an extreme cold
我們少了正常的寒冷氣候
3:36
kills these little Keeney paint peels in if they thrive
而極端的酷寒殺死了這些little Keeney paint peels，如果他們茂盛生長
3:40
pine trees die so that we have 10
會導致松樹死亡
3:44
million acres have dead pine trees in america so if you wanna see what action
現在美國有千萬公頃的死亡松樹
3:47
weather looks lik
因此，若你們想看看極端氣候長什麼樣子
3:48
getting airplay covers the Rockies now on the East Coast
搭上飛機越過洛磯山脈，現在正發生在東岸
3:52
human beings are affecting the climate we're doing this
我們人類正在影響氣候
3:57
but if we go too far
但如果我們影響超過一定程度
4:01
nature takes over there's this thing called scientist call positive feedback
大自然會接管一切。有一個現象科學家稱之為正反饋
4:06
but most people think that's a nice things so I called a vicious cycle
大多數人誤認為是好事。因此我將之稱作惡性循環
4:09
or run away runaway feedback loop and here's a couple minutes show
you
或失控的反饋迴路，有幾樣我將展示
4:14
this is ice in the Arctic
這是北極的冰雪
4:17
1980 its white
1980年 這些冰雪是白色的
4:20
sunshine comes down and hits the white bounces off
陽光灑落在白色冰雪上反射
4:24
this is what it looks like today have gone
這是它今日的模樣 冰雪消失
4:28
North Pole has been water times now but the thing about this is it's now dark
北極點現在已化成為水，這部份顏色已變深
4:33
So the Sun comes down and
所以當陽光照射
4:36
the dark water absorbs the heat sorry change in mirror into an absorber shown
深色的海水吸收熱能，等於是將一面鏡子變成一個吸收器
4:40
nature takes over
大自然接管一切
4:41
and accelerates what we human beings have done
並使人類所做所為帶來的後果加劇
4:45
here's one is worse the entire North millions and millions of
這個情況更糟，北邊的西伯利亞、加拿大、以及阿拉斯加
4:49
acres in siberia in Canada and Alaska
幾百萬公頃的苔原
4:53
is this tundra this is especially frozen
尤其是充滿了甲烷且冰凍的坑
4:56
p box and they're packed with methane methane is that main component of
甲烷是天然氣的主要成分
5:00
natural gas is a very potent greenhouse gas 30 times as potent as co2
也是非常強力的溫室氣體，比二氧化碳還強上三十倍
5:05
if you defrost the tundra the methane comes up
一旦苔原解凍，甲烷便會升上來
5:09
in it accelerates it becomes a runaway so it turns out
它將加劇暖化情況，變成失控情況
5:13
the mathematics of climate change are such that if we do not
最終演變成一種
5:16
reverse trends quickly and I quickly I mean in our lives
若我們不加速將這種趨勢扭轉，我是只在生活中
5:21
in the next 20 to forty years this thing will run away
在未來的二十到四十年，情況將會是控
5:25
by the way we've already reached a point higher Co2 concentrations and have
順帶一提，我們現有的二氧化碳濃度已達到
5:29
existed on the planet for more than
人類存在三百年以來的最高紀錄
5:31
human existence for more than three million years so we are
因此我們
5:34
Experiencing with some big stuff
我們正經歷著一件大事
5:35
okay ready to come back
準備回來繼續了嗎
5:40
there some other runway trends that are happening to take us from fear
有一些其他正在發生的失控趨勢將我們從恐懼帶回希望
5:44
to hope and here's one that I like, another graph.
這是我喜歡的一個 另一個圖表
5:47
Solar panels you see them all over San Diego
在聖地牙哥到處都可以看到太陽板
5:51
in fact University of San Diego is going to be 100 percent of its buildings
事實上聖地牙哥大學將可行的建築100%覆蓋上太陽能板
5:56
that are feasible covered with solar panels on top but what's happened
但隨後發生的是
6:00
is the price at these things has gone down eighty percent in the last five years
這些太陽能板的價格已在過去五年降低百分之八十
6:03
and when you do that to the price
而當你對價格出此種變動
6:06
this is what happens to the use
使用的情況便隨之上升
6:11
people are installing these things like crazy s happening with went
人們瘋狂的裝上太陽能板，且相同情況也發生在風力
6:14
and there are opportunities with other renewable energy resources as well
其他的再生能源也有相同的機會
6:15
so what does this mean
所以這意味著什麼
6:19
can we scale can these dramatic technology differences scale
這些劇烈變動的科技變化能否延伸
6:22
give us what we need to get out this problem it's happening
讓我們能解決現在正在發生的問題
6:25
Texas has more wind power than any other state in the country
德州比美國其他州有更多的風力發電
6:29
12.2 billion GW have installed wind
1220億千兆瓦的電力用風力
6:33
began when George W Bush was
在布希還是州長時
6:37
governor he signed the paper the cause the pulses to have this done
他簽署一份文件因而有此成果
6:41
and it's been an explosive and fascinating experience
它成了一個具爆發力且美妙的經驗
6:45
this is enough wind to power almost four million homes
那裏有足夠四百萬家庭用電的風力
6:48
California our fair state has already signed contracts to get a third of its
加州已簽署一份合約
6:53
electricity from renewable sources
其三分之一的電力將從再生能源獲得
6:55
that's a big deal
這是一件不容小覷的事
6:58
in fact there now twenty nine States that have policies
事實上現在有二十九州有關於
7:03
in place to replace our carbon-based fossil fuel system with renewable energy system step-by-step
逐步用再生能源系統取代碳石化燃料的政策
7:06
but when the prices dropped that fast each step cheaper easier than one that came before
但當價格快速下降時，每一步所花成本都將比以往更少，並且更加容易
7:10
other countries for had a bus Denmark gets 40 percent alike
其他國家如丹麥
7:16
if its electricity from renewable sources that's pretty cool
巴士百分之四十的電力是來自再生能源
7:19
if you're forty percent you can see your way to 100 percent
若現再以有百分之四十，便可展望百分之百
7:22
and in fact there are states in Denmark where they get more than 100 percent their electricity from renewable energy
事實上，丹麥有些州可透過再生能源製造超過自身所需的電力
7:25
the export zero-carbon electricity
他們出口無碳電力
7:29
Germany a much bigger countries than Denmark
比丹麥更大的國家---德國
7:37
started with very little renewable energy ten years ago
十年前開始使用非常少量的再生能源
7:40
and today to get a quarter but they're electricity from renewable sources
現在有四分之一的電力來自再生能源
7:44
and they have specific detailed plans to get that up to 80 percent by 2050
並且有非常明確的計畫 要2050年以前達到百分之八十
7:49
now Germany's a big country is an industrial country it's not very shiny
德國是個大國，是個工業國。一年當中陽光普照的時間不長
7:53
in Germany
7:54
much to the years frighteningly cold sometimes and they're doing it
一年當中陽光普照的時間不長
7:57
so what about our country how far can we go a group of scientists at the National
那我們的國家呢？我們能做到什麼程度？一群在
8:01
Renewable Energy Lab
國家再生能源實驗室的科學家
8:03
produce the most detailed my love the US electricity system ever done
研發了美國有史以來最精細的電力系統
8:08
the shower with today which is mostly nuclear coal
今日使用的資源大多是核能、煤
8:11
and natural gas the UN hour by hour
以及天然氣，經過以小時計的評估
8:14
assessment up the entire grid from now to 2050
評估從現在到2050年的整體能源比例分布
8:18
and they add clean energy bit by bit to this
並逐漸地將乾淨能源加入其中
8:21
and see how far they can go and this is what they came up with
看看能發展到什麼程度，他們得出了這個結論
8:25
that's the future that we can do with technologies that exist or near term
這就是未來我們透過已存在或即將擁有的科技技術所能達到的
8:31
now the more technology that invented on this front the better to be sure
當然有愈多這方面的科技發明愈好
8:34
but this is a pretty amazing transformation
這是頗令人驚艷的轉變
8:38
within fifty years it's feasible
在五十年內是可行
8:41
it's increasingly cost-effective and it's happening already
且愈來愈符合經濟效益。現在有半數以上的州正在進行
8:44
in more than half the states its a matter of choice
這是一個選擇的問題
8:47
that's the deal these god awful trans
那才是重點。
8:51
were reasonable future is a matter of choice and that takes me
這引領我
8:55
finally to what we need to do as a country in what you each
到我們作為一個國家真正需要做的事
8:58
you to think about so
你們必須思考一下
9:01
their three things we have to do the first is we have to manage
有三件事我們必須先做 其中包含處理
9:04
fossil fuels that picture of coal
石化燃料。那張煤的照片
9:07
is black because its carbon
是黑色的，因為它是碳。
9:11
and all the carbon in the earth in the form of coal and oil and natural gas
地球上大部分以煤、石油、以及天然氣形式存在的碳
9:15
most if it needs to stay in the air our atmosphere simply cannot handle it
都須存在於空氣中，我們的大氣並無法處理它
9:20
so if we don't manage fossil fuels well we lose
因此如果我們不管理石化燃料，我們就會失去這些資源
9:25
natural gas by the way is people talk about as a clean fuel
順帶一提，人們將天然氣是為乾淨燃料
9:28
it's better than coal and it could be a useful transition fuel
它比煤來的好，且它是一種有用的過渡燃料
9:32
but we shouldn't get reelected it because it is a fossil fuel
但我們不應該再次過度依賴它，因為它是種石化燃料
9:35
and it doesn't bias all that much time
這並非偏見
9:39
so we have to manage fossil fuels let me mention one other thing about
this
因此我們必須管理石化燃料。容我提到另一件相關的事
9:43
there's an interesting ideas to burn coal
有一個關於燃煤的有趣點子
9:47
capture the carbon gas that comes out to the atmosphere out the smokestack
抓住煙囪排放到大氣的碳廢氣
9:51
compress it Henry injected deep underground and hope it stays there for
將碳廢氣壓縮並注入到地下，並希望它能在地下
9:54
a few thousand years
存留幾千年
9:56
and I would say guys wait a minute it's already in the ground
我必須說，大伙們，它已經在地底了
10:00
Let’s just leave some of it there okay we need to manage fossil fuels
就讓它留在那吧，總之我們必須處理石化燃料
10:04
second we need to stop wasting
第二，我們必須停止浪費
10:07
energy this is a thermostat you’ve probably seen it
能源。這是恆溫器，你們也許看過
10:12
they know whether you're in the house or not they know how cold it is outside
它知道你是否在屋子裡，以及屋外有多冷
10:16
they know the patterns energy power reserve your house and simply by putting
它可以知道你屋子使用的能源種類
10:21
that little thermostat you save about 20 percent of your energy
僅靠著小小的恆溫器，你可以省下百分之二十的能源
10:24
that's a pretty good deal California houses now use
這是個不錯的主意。加州的房子
10:27
eighty percent less energy and a new house than they did before are we
現在比以前少用百分之八十的能源
10:30
we establish the best building code in the world if we stop wage we can reduce
我們建立了世界最好的建築規範。如果我們停止浪費
10:34
waste by 50 to 80 percent in almost every sector
我們幾乎可在每個部門減少浪費百分之五十到八十的能源
10:38
fact california's official policy is to have all new residences built in this
事實上，加州官方政策計劃讓州內所有新的住宅
10:42
country
10:42
in this state by 2020 to be 0
2020年之前便成
10:45
net energy buildings that's a pretty great deal
零耗能建築。這是個很棒的主意。
10:48
I'm so stop energy waste is the next the third thing
因此下一步就是減少浪費。第三件我們該做的事
10:52
is we need to accelerate renewables and I've already discussed this
如同我前面所述，我們必須加快促進可再生能源之發展
10:55
the people who decide how much renewable energy you get
決定你獲得多少再生能源的是
10:59
are the public utilities Commission's in each of the 50 states
各州的公共事業委員會
11:03
it's not primarily the US Congress these are state government bodies
他們是隸屬於州政府，非美國國會
11:07
they're not ineffectual they're smart the deal with evidence but they need to
他們並非無能，他們很聰明懂得處理解讀證據
11:10
hear from you that this is a future
但他們需要聽到你們的心聲，告訴他們這就是你們想要未來
11:12
you prefer. So let me take you to last like here
最後我想要你們思考
11:16
what is your role judge said
你所扮演的角色是什麼?
11:19
the difference between the fear of some trends and a bright future
只會害怕某些趨勢或擁有光明未來
11:24
is a matter social choice it's a matter policy it's a matter how we decide to
是取決於整體社會的選擇、政策
11:28
invest are
以及我們決定如何投資
11:28
existing cash flow in energy
能源領域現已存在的金流
11:32
people come to TED conferences because they want to learn
人們因為想要學習而來到TED會議
11:35
because they want to give and everybody here has an amazing network
且因為他們想要貢獻。在場的所有人都有很棒的人際關係網路
11:39
relationships people everyone here in influence maker
在場的所有人都是有影響力的
11:43
So I’m saying to you use your influence the way you do that
所以我想對大家說，運用你的影響力
11:46
inform yourself and be optimistic
透過提醒自己，並保持樂觀
11:49
nobody likes to hear from somebody doesn't know business or from somebody
沒人喜歡從對事物不了解或
11:52
is trying to depress, right?
總是悲憤的人身上聽取意見，對吧?
11:54
and then choose a decision maker 1 decision-maker
接著選一個決策者
11:58
in getting to that person's life it might be your landlord
並參與那人的生活。他可能是你的業主
It might be your Chancellor it might be
可能是你的長官
12:05
the mayor it might be a congressman in my view Public Utilities
可能是市長、可能是在我看來是議員的
12:09
Commission
公共事業委員會
12:10
but sit down with them and let them know as you understand yourself
和他們坐下來談談並讓他們知道你了解自己的想法
12:13
that this is a social choice we have to make correctly and I promise you one
認為我們必須做出正確的社會抉擇。我保證
12:17
thing if you study the subject you realize
若你有研究，你會了解
12:20
well we have options today and we can land on a reasonable future if we lose a
我們今日可以選擇去擁有一個合理的未來。若我們錯失
12:24
Decade
十年
12:25
we foreclose an increasing number a reasonable options if we lose a couple
我們將喪失日益增多的合理選擇；如果我們錯失
12:29
Decades
幾十年
12:30
we will trigger those vicious feedbacks so it's time for each of us
我們將會招致惡性的反饋。因此是時候讓我們彼此
12:34
to do our part to make sure we win this game thank you
都負責任地盡到自己的義務，以確保我們能贏得這場勝利，謝謝！
- 等待確認: Sustainable Energy: Energy Efficiency
0:00
we live in a world that demands more from our existing
resources
我們居住在一個需要比現有資源更多資源的世界
0:05
at six percent annual growth
發展中的亞洲國家以每年百分之六的速度成長
0:08
developing Asia could produce 44 percent of global GDP by 2035
到2035年時其所生產之GDP約會佔全球GDP百分之四十四
0:14
correspondingly the region's share of world energy consumption is expected to rise
相應地，亞洲區域所消耗之能源比例預期
0:20
rapidly from a third to more than 50 percent
將會從全球三分之一，快速增加到超過百分之五十
0:24
energy systems will be challenged to satisfy developing Asia's economic aspirations
能源系統將需面臨滿足亞洲發展中經濟的需求
0:29
therefore it is critical to invest in energy efficiency to meet the future
因此，為滿足未來能源需求投
0:34
energy demand
資提升能源效能是非常重要的
0:36
adopting efficient energy measures is
為達到永續能源的未來
0:40
everyone's responsibility. Energy efficiency of its powerful and
採用有效能的能源方法、強大
0:46
cost-effective tool
和具有成本效益的工具，是每個人的責任
0:48
for for achieving a sustainable energy future. Improvements in energy efficiency can
能源效能的促進
0:54
reduce the burden in energy infrastructure
可減少能源公共設施的負擔
0:56
cut energy cost increase competitiveness
減少能源成本，增加競爭力
1:01
and improve public welfare and environmental benefits can also be
並提升公共利益。
1:06
achieved by the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution
環境利益亦可透過減少溫室氣體排放和空氣污染達成
1:10
energy security all the uninterrupted availability of energy
以合理價格所獲的能源安全
1:15
sources as an affordable price
及具不間斷可利用性之能源
1:17
can also benefit from improved energy efficiency through decreasing reliance on
可減低對石化燃料之依賴
1:22
fossil fuels sharing and adopting
並且採用有效能之能源方法
1:24
energy-efficient practices is a joint effort
皆對提升能源效能有正面影響
1:28
let's look at some examples and benefits from the promotion and the use
來看看一些例子以及促進和
1:32
of high-efficiency equipment
使用高效能裝置所帶來的效益
1:34
the use of high efficiency industrial motors in China
在中國、印度、和南韓，使用高效能工業電機
1:38
Indian South Korea helped reduce 971 billion kilowatt-hours
減少9710億千瓦小時
1:43
that is approximately 118 billion US dollars in terms of net savings to 2030
約是到2030年1180億美金的淨儲值
1:50
moving on to power transformers and the efficient 2000 kilowatt
再看到電源變壓器，有效能的2000千瓦變壓器
1:55
transformer saves $6,683 megawatt hours over its useful life time
可在其使用壽命中節省6683兆瓦小時
2:00
and 1,000,000 transformers save 57% gigawatt hours
而一百萬個變壓器可節省百分之五十七的十億瓦小時
2:04
which is approximately what five thousand American homes will consume in
約莫是五千戶美國家庭一年
2:08
one year
所消耗的電量
2:09
on the other hand the use of energy-efficient room air conditioners
另一方面，在中國、印度、及南韓，高效能室內空調的使用
2:14
in China Indian South Korea reduces 1,343 billion kilowatt-hours
減少一兆3430億千瓦小時
2:21
saving 63.4 billion US dollars
節省634億美金
2:24
together we can make a contribution to reduce global warming by switching to
我們可以透過使用高效能裝置
2:29
high-efficiency equipment in practices
而對減緩全球暖化有貢獻
2:32
are you ready to make a change with us
準備好和我們一起改變了嗎?
2:36
the International copper Association sustainable energy initiatives
國際銅業協會再生能源倡議
2:42
advocates and supports progressive energy policies standards and codes
宣揚並支持漸進式的能源政策、標準、和規範
2:46
through direct outreach programs we support
投過直接的推廣方案，我們支持
2:49
policymakers to accelerate the adoption of sustainable energy practices
政策制定者採用更多可再生能源應用
2:54
and inform manufacturers on uses of copper-based solutions
並告知廠商以銅為基礎之解決方案的使用
2:58
we focus on promoting the areas of energy efficiency
我們專注在提倡能源效能、再生能源
3:02
renewable energy and power distribution
以及配電的領域
3:06
join us in making the change
和我們一同加入改變的行列
- 已完成: A guide to the energy of the Earth | TED Ed
0:07
Energy is all around us,
我們四周充滿著能量
0:09
a physical quantity that follows precise natural laws.
一種循著精準自然法則所產生的物理質量
0:14
Our universe has a finite amount of it;
在我們宇宙中總能量是固定的
0:16
it's neither created nor destroyed
既不會有新的能量被創造 也不會被摧毀
0:18
but can take different forms,
但是可以轉變成不同形態
0:20
such as kinetic or potential energy,
譬如動能或位能
0:22
with different properties and formulas to remember.
可以不同的特性與公式來被理解
0:25
For instance,
舉例來說
0:27
an LED desk lamp's 6 Watt bulb
一顆6瓦特的LED燈泡
0:29
transfers 6 Joules of light energy per second.
每秒釋放出6焦耳的光能
0:33
But let's jump back up into space
我們先從外太空的角度
0:35
to look at our planet, its systems, and their energy flow.
看看我們的地球，地球的系統，以及系統之間的能量流動
0:40
Earth's physical systems include
地球的實體本身包含了
0:41
the atmosphere,
大氣層
0:43
hydrosphere,
水域
0:44
lithosphere,
陸地
0:45
and biosphere.
以及生物圈
0:46
Energy moves in and out of these systems,
能量在各種系統之間交流
0:49
and during any energy transfer between them,
當他們在不同系統間做轉換時
0:52
some is lost to the surroundings,
部分會流失在我們的環境之中
0:54
as heat, light, sound, vibration, or movement.
變成像是光、熱、聲音，震動或是動能
0:59
Our planet's energy comes from
我們星球的能量來自於
1:01
internal and external sources;
內部和外部
1:03
geothermal energy from radioactive isotopes
譬如地殼中的放射性元素所釋放出來的地熱能量
1:06
and rotational energy from the spinning of the Earth
以及地球自轉產生的旋轉能量
1:09
are internal sources of energy,
都是來自地球本身內部
1:11
while the Sun is the major external source,
而太陽則是主要的外部能量來源
1:14
driving certain systems,
驅動著像是天氣及氣候
1:16
like our weather and climate.
這樣的系統
1:18
Sunlight warms the surface and atmosphere
由於陽光並不是很均勻地照射到地表和大氣層
1:20
in varying amounts,
照射到地表和大氣層
1:21
and this causes convection,
因此有了空氣對流
1:23
producing winds and influencing ocean currents.
這就產生風，並且影響洋流
1:26
Infrared radiation, radiating out
被陽光曬暖的地球表面
1:29
from the warmed surface of the Earth,
所輻射出去的紅外線
1:31
gets trapped by greenhouse gases
被大氣層中的溫室氣體困住
1:34
and further affects the energy flows.
進一步地影響地球上能量的流動
1:36
The Sun is also the major source of energy for organisms.
太陽也是生物的主要能量來源
1:40
Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria
植物，藻類，以及藍綠菌
1:42
use sunlight to produce organic matter
利用陽光將二氧化碳和水
1:45
from carbon dioxide and water,
製造有機物質
1:48
powering the biosphere's food chains.
為生物圈的食物鏈提供動力
1:51
We release this food energy
人類利用像是燃燒及呼吸作用
1:53
using chemical reactions,
這樣的化學反應
1:54
like combustion and respiration.
來釋放從食物中獲得的能量
1:57
At each level in a food chain,
在食物鏈的每一環節裡
1:59
some energy is stored
都會有一些能量被儲存
2:00
in newly made chemical structures,
在新產生的化學結構當中
2:02
but most is lost to the surroundings,
但大多會以熱的型態流失到周遭的環境
2:04
as heat, like your body heat,
例如你在消化食物時
2:06
released by your digestion of food.
所產生的體溫，也就是熱能
2:09
Now, as plants are eaten by primary consumers,
現在，以植物被食物鏈的初級消費者攝食為例
2:12
only about 10% of their total energy
被攝取能量之中只有大約百分之十
2:14
is passed on to the next level.
會被傳遞到下一個的食物鏈
2:17
Since energy can only flow in one direction
由於能量只能單向的
2:19
in a food chain,
在食物鏈移動
2:21
from producers onto consumers and decomposers,
從生產者流動到消費者，再到分解者
2:24
an organism that eats lower on the food chain,
食物鏈底層的生物攝取食物
2:26
is more efficient than one higher up.
相較比上層的生物效率許多
2:29
So eating producers is the most efficient level
所以對動物來說 攝食能源生產者
2:32
at which an animal can get its energy,
是獲取能源最有效率的途徑
2:34
but without continual input of energy
然而如果這些生產者
2:37
to those producers,
沒有外在能量不斷的供給
2:38
mostly from sunlight,
尤其當絕大多數供給來自於陽光
2:40
life on Earth as we know it
那我們地球上所熟知的生命
2:41
would cease to exist.
將不復存在
2:43
We humans, of course, spend our energy
當然，我們人類除了吃飯以外
2:45
doing a lot of things besides eating.
還在許多活動中耗費能量
2:47
We travel, we build, we power all sorts of technology.
我們旅行、建造，從事各種科技活動
2:51
To do all this,
為了能夠做這些事情
2:53
we use sources like fossil fuels:
我們使用化石燃料
2:54
coal, oil, and natural gas,
像是煤、石油以及天然氣等資源
2:57
which contain energy
這都來自很久以前
2:59
that plants captured from sunlight
地球上的植物從陽光捕獲
3:01
long ago and stored in the form of carbon.
並且以碳的型式儲存的能量
3:04
When we burn fossil fuels in power plants,
當我們在發電廠燃燒化石燃料
3:07
we release this stored energy
釋放這些儲存自遠古時代的能量
3:09
to generate electricity.
便能產生電力
3:11
To generate electricity,
為了製造電力
3:13
heat from burning fossil fuels
燃燒化石燃料所獲得的熱能
3:15
is used to power turbines
被用來推動渦輪機
3:16
that rotate magnets,
並轉動其中的磁鐵
3:18
which, in turn, create magnetic field changes
在線圈裡
3:21
relative to a coil of wire,
進一步產生磁場的改變)
3:23
causing electrons to be induced to flow in the wire.
導致電子在線圈裡流動，形成電流
3:27
Modern civilization depends on our ability
現代文明的運作便是仰賴
3:30
to keep powering that flow of electrons.
我們持續製造電力的能力
3:33
Fortunately, we aren't limited
幸運的，我們並不需要侷限在
3:35
to burning non-renewable fossil fuels
只以燃燒不可再生的化石燃料
3:37
to generate electricity.
來產生電力
3:39
Electrons can also be induced to flow
透過直接與光粒子的接觸
3:41
by direct interaction with light particles,
電子也可以被引導流動
3:44
which is how a solar cell operates.
這就是太陽能電池的運作方式
3:46
Other renewable energy sources,
其他再生能源
3:49
such as wind, water, geothermal, and biofuels
像是風力，水力，地熱以及生質燃料
3:53
can also be used to generate electricity.
也可以用來發電
3:56
Global demand for energy is increasing,
全球能源需求持續增加
3:59
but the planet has limited energy resources
但是透過複雜的能源基礎建設所能取得的
4:02
to access through a complex energy infrastructure.
地球能源資源是有限的
4:05
As populations rise,
隨著人口增長
4:07
alongside rates of industrialization and development,
工業化的速度與發展也隨之攀升
4:10
our energy decisions grow more and more important.
我們的能源決策越來越重要
4:13
Access to energy
能源的取得方式
4:14
impacts health, education, political power, and socioeconomic status.
影響人們的健康、教育，政治以及社會經濟狀態
4:19
If we improve our energy efficiency,
如果我們能改善能源效率
4:22
we can use our natural resources more responsibly
將可以用更負責任的方式利用自然資源
4:25
and improve quality of life for everyone.
並改善我們每個人的生活品質
- 已完成: ICA , Renewable Energy
0:00
we live in a world of escalating costs of electricity
我們生存在一個電價高漲的世界
0:07
fossil fuels take up to 80.6 percent of global energy consumption
化石燃料佔了全球能源消耗量的80.6%
0:13
with the rising cost of fuels, our economy spend billions of dollars each year to produce electricity
隨著燃料成本上升，我們的經濟每年都要花費數十億美金用來發電
0:19
dependence on fossil fuel imports often pose challenges related to
而對進口化石燃料的依賴，卻經常帶來跟
0:23
geopolitics
地緣政治不穩
0:25
price fluctuations and supply disruptions
燃料價格波動以及燃料供應中斷等相關的棘手問題
0:28
in addition, climate change due to increased levels of greenhouse gases from the use of fossil fuels
除此之外，由於使用化石燃料，也使得溫室效應氣體增加，因而導致全球氣候變遷
0:35
has also become a global issue
也已經成為全球性的議題
0:38
so, what are the clean alternatives to generating electricity?
所以，有什麼是乾淨發電的替代選項呢?
0:42
the solution lies in the provision of sustainable
解決方式就是於提供可以永續的
0:46
clean and safe energy that meets present needs
乾淨而且安全的電力，來滿足現有的需求
0:49
without compromising the needs of future generations
又不至於犧牲掉下一代的需求
0:52
renewable energy sources such as hydropower
再生能源例如水力發電
0:56
solar power, wind power, biomass energy and geothermal energy
太陽能、風能、生質能及地熱能發電
1:01
are crucial in meeting the power demand required to support economic growth and improving living standards.
對於用來支撐經濟成長及改善生活水準所需要的電力供應，至關重要
1:06
increasing the share of energy from renewable sources
增加再生能源的比例
1:10
can reduce greenhouse gas emissions
能夠減少溫室效應氣體的排放量
1:14
and local pollution
及對地方上的污染
1:14
and mitigate fuel price volatility
並且可以減輕燃料價格變動所帶來的影響
1:16
let's look at some examples and benefits from the promotion and use of alternative energy
讓我們來看看一些推廣使用再生能源的實際例子及成果吧
1:23
In India, promotion of rooftop solar photovoltaic
在印度，推廣使用屋頂型太陽光電系統
1:27
adds additional power generation capacity of
已經增加了3000 百萬瓦的發電容量
1:30
3,000 megawatts which improves energy access for households
，這使得更多的家庭能有電可用
1:34
In vietnam, enhancing power grid codes and standards
在越南，加強電網的規範及標準
1:40
helped integrate 6200 megawatts of wind energy with the National Grid
使得 6200百萬瓦的風電得以順利併入國家電網
1:45
renewable energy is likely to become the world's leading climate change solution by the middle of the century
再生能源在本世紀中，可能成為全球解決氣候變遷的首要方法
1:52
the market is seeing strong growth in manufacturing sales and installation at these clean technologies
這些乾淨能源的製造、銷售及安裝市場的規模一直在高速成長
1:59
which translates into economic of scale and low initial investment cost
這使得產業可以達到經濟規模，進而降低前期投資成本
2:03
together, we can make a contribution to reduce global warming
讓我們一起，為減輕全球暖化做出貢獻吧
2:09
by implementing more renewable energy measures.
透過推動更多的再生能源方案!
2:13
are you ready to make a change with us?
你準備好和我們一起做出改變嗎?
2:16
the International copper Association sustainable energy initiatives
(以下或許可以不用列出字幕...)
國際銅協會的永續能源倡議
2:22
advocates and supports progressive energy policies standards and codes
鼓吹並支持積極的能源政策標準及規範
2:26
through direct outreach programs
透過直接影響的方式，
2:28
we support policymakers to accelerate the adoption of sustainable energy practices
我們支持政策制定者加速採用永續能源執行方案
2:33
and inform manufacturers or uses about copper based solutions
並告知生產者及使用者，與銅相關的解決方案
2:38
we focus on promoting the areas of renewable energy
我們專注於推廣再生能源
2:42
energy efficiency and power distribution
提升能源使用效率及電力傳輸
2:46
join us in making the change
請加入我們、做出改變吧！
https://ellacf.hackpad.com/qCPex0qZDRb
=====
